dear editor-in-chief the recent report on “the adverse effects of pregnancies complicated by hemoglobin h (hbh) disease” is very interesting (1). rabiee et al. reported a pregnant case complicated with hbh disease. indeed, this problem might not common in the middle east but it is very common in southeast asia. the authors hereby would like to share the experience on this topic. in the recent r...

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background:â  northeastern iran has a high incidence for squamous cell esophageal carcinoma (escc). the aim of the study is to the assess relationship between celiac disease (cd) and escc. materials and methods:â  this was a two-part, cross-sectional, case-control study performed during 2006-2011 in gonbad, â golestan, iran. serum iga anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody levels were measured f...

background: blood group antigen binding adhesin ( baba2 ) , is essential for attachment of helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) to the epithelial cell layer and is the most important adhesin of h. pylori . the prevalence rate of the baba2 gene varies in different geographic areas. the aim of this study is to determine the frequency of the baba2 gene in patients with different clinical outcomes. mate...

context cystic fibrosis (cf) is the most widespread autosomal recessive genetic disorder that limits life expectation amongst the caucasian population. as the median survival has increased related to early multidisciplinary intervention, other manifestations of cf have emergedespecially for the broad spectrum of hepatobiliary involvement. the present study reviews the existing literature on liv...

background: the prevalence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ancas) and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (anti-cl ab) in behcet’s disease (bd) and also their roles in vascular involvement is controversial. objective: to assess the prevalence of ancas and anti-cl ab as well as their correlations with clinical manifestations in iranian patients with bd. methods: in this case/control study, th...

malaria is the second most frequent clinically suspected disease entity after acute respiratory tract infection in developing countries. active malarial transmission occurs throughout the year, while aggressive out bursts of disease are seen mainly during and after the 'monsoon' season. this study aimed to determine the morbidity and mortality associated with malaria during flood at isra univer...

introduction: diarrhea is one of the most common symptoms treated in general practice and gastroenterology. an estimated 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea are reported annually. anxious and emotional persons are more sensitive to digestive problems. anxious persons may feel their heartbeat and perceive their intestinal motility and spasm, and this may cause them more concern. case presentation: in ...

t lymphocytes that are involved in cellular mediated immunity include two types known as tcd8+ (cytotoxic t lymphocytes) and tcd4+ (helper t lymphocytes). tcd4+ has four main subtypes, including th1, th2, th17, and treg lymphocytes.th17 lymphocytes play a role in defense against microbes that th1 and th2 lymphocytes have not the ability to respond to them. the most important cytokines, which ar...