Abstract Gibbons and Hawking ( Phys. Rev. D , 15 (1977) 2738) have shown that the horizon of de Sitter space emits radiation in same way as event black hole. But actual cosmological horizons are not horizons, except space. Nevertheless, this paper proves Gibbons' Hawking's formula an exact result for any flat expanding with strictly positive Hubble parameter. The gives visual intuitive insight ...

Methods Primary PCI was performed in 3,345 (92.9%) of 3,602 patients in the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial; in-hospital protocol-defined non–coronary artery bypass graft–related major bleeding developed in 231 (6.9%). We examined medication use at discharge, mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (composite ...

The importance of investigating particle horizons in order to interpret a cosmological solution of Einstein’s field equations has been described. We have presented the formula and studied the particle horizons in some of the cosmological models presented in our earlier papers. It is well known that the Friedman-Robertson-Walker (F-R-W) models, the energy density of the free gravitational field ...

We give a general derivation of the gravitational hamiltonian starting from the Einstein-Hilbert action, keeping track of all surface terms. The surface term that arises in the hamiltonian can be taken as the definition of the ‘total energy’, even for spacetimes that are not asymptotically flat. (In the asymptotically flat case, it agrees with the usual ADM energy.) We also discuss the relation...

Spreading of urban wastewater on agricultural land may lead to concomitant input of organic and inorganic pollutants. Such multiple pollution sites offer unique opportunities to study the fate of both heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. We examined the occurrence and fate of selected antibiotics in sandy-textured soils, sampled four years after cessation of 100 years irrigation with urban wastewa...