Background The Electronic Health Record (EHR) lies at the heart of NHS plans for integrated patient care (Jones, 2004). Building on the partners’ studies of medical record keeping practices and inter-organisational communication (Hartswood et al., 2003), methodologies for userled development (Hartswood et al., 2002), the use of paper in knowledge work (Sellen and Harper, 2001), pattern language...

It has been extensively reported that free radical species are generated by contracting skeletal muscle following different exercise protocols (O’Neill et al. 1996; Reznick et al. 1996; McArdle et al. 2001), including non-damaging contractions (McArdle et al. 2001). However, numerous non-muscle cells are found in skeletal muscle in vivo and the presence of these cells has complicated the interp...

References 1 Pap, T. et al. (2000) Fibroblast biology. Role of synovial fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. 2, 361–367 2 van der Laan, W.H. et al. (2000) Cartilage degradation and invasion by rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts is inhibited by gene transfer of a cellsurface-targeted plasmin inhibitor. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 1710–1718 3 Mountz, J.D. et al. (2001) Ap...

With the rapid advancement of transgenic biotechnology, large numbers of transgenic crops have been produced and released for commercial cultivation (James, 2001), raising considerable biosafety concerns all over the world. One of the major issues is the potential ecological risk resulting from transgenes escaping into and persisting in the environment. The extensive on-going debate on this iss...

Recent nuclear sequence analyses have provided evidence that primates and rodents are more closely related than previously believed (Madsen et al. 2001; Murphy et al. 2001a, 2001b). This proposal is difficult to reconcile with morphological insights (Liu et al. 2001; Novacek 2001) and is not generally supported by current mitochondrial sequence data (Reyes, Pesole, and Saccone 2000; Nikaido et ...

In this paper, we have examined abrupt changes in volatility of TEPIX index in Tehran stock exchange during August 23, 2010 to June 12, 2014. Applying the iterated cumulative sum of squares (ICSS) algorithm proposed by Inclan and Tiao (1994) and the modified version of this algorithm consisting Kappa 1 and Kappa 2 test statistics developed by Sansó et al. (2004), we have specified that the dete...

the nw-se trending zagros fold and thrust belt extends for about 1,800 km from a location some 300 km se of the east anatolian fault in ne turkey to the strait of hormuz where the north-south trending zendan-minab-palami fault system (zmp) separates the zagros belt from the makran accretionary prism. the ne limit of the zagros belt is marked by the main zagros reverse fault which is rotated abo...

Molecular (i.e., culture-independent) methods, particularly those based on the 16S rRNA gene, have been a cornerstone in modern microbial ecology [Tringe and Hugenholtz, 2008]. However, most of these approaches have depended on PCR, which can be affected by a number of underlying biases [Wintzingerode et al., 1997; Polz and Cavanaugh, 1998; Crosby and Criddle, 2003; Ashelford et al., 2005, 2006...

Urgency of intrauterine infection issue is conditioned not only by existing prenatal losses, but also by the fact that serious problems with state of health too frequently developed in infants with intrauterine infection managed to survive. Neonatal infectious-inflammatory process was established to take place only in 1 of 10 infants with congenital CMV infection. Still late consequences of pos...

INTRODUCTION The development of specialized tip-growing filamentous rhizoids in early diverging groups of land plants was crucial for the establishment of the first continental vegetation sometime before 465 million years ago (Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Bateman et al., 1998; Wellman and Gray, 2000; Gensel and Edwards, 2001; Wellman et al., 2003; Raven and Crane, 2007). The algal ancestors of the ...