Cristae in crisis ristae, the complex involutions of the mitochondrial inner membrane, vastly increase the surface area across which ATP synthase can generate a proton gradient. Now, new findings from Jean Velours (Université Victor Ségalen, Bordeaux, France) and colleagues suggest that ATP synthase may be important in forming cristae in the first place. Velours' theory is that oligomerization ...

multiple sclerosis (m.s) is one of the prevalent diseases of the central nervous system which cause disability in young adults. this appears as neural signs in different parts and various times. the main defect is local deterioration or destruction of myelin tissue in the brain and spinal cord. profound fatigue is one the most common symptoms of this disease. because ms is prevalent in middle a...

the fundamental elements of nature, namely earth, water, air and sunshine should be in a healthy state, well balanced with the criteria of equilibrium and untainted so that the environment would remain pleasant and lively. hence, there will be plant, animal and human in a existential balance. man himself is the major polluter and destructor of environment. the environment, in turn, is a large c...

Flexible Skin Patches In article 2202872 by Xuyang Sun, Hongzhang Wang, Jing Liu and co-workers, a flexible skin patch with improved adhesiveness to is designed for conformable non-invasive tumor therapy. This multifunctional technology can achieve severe destruction on via an “ice fire” mechanism, mediated cryoablation, magnetic hyperthermia, as well immune response activation.

Irradiation of food raw materials has a double effect. Firstly, actually for which the irradiation is carried out, destruction of microorganisms is provided to increase the shelf life of products. Secondly, radiation has a danger from the point of view of the effect on the raw materials and products based on it, causing chemical transformations of constituent components by the mechanism of radi...

Irradiation of food raw materials has a double effect. Firstly, actually for which the irradiation is carried out, destruction of microorganisms is provided to increase the shelf life of products. Secondly, radiation has a danger from the point of view of the effect on the raw materials and products based on it, causing chemical transformations of constituent components by the mechanism of radi...

Disinfection is considered to be the primary mechanism for the inactivation/destruction of pathogenic organisms to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases to downstream users and the environment. It is important that wastewater be adequately treated prior to disinfection in order for any disinfectant to be effective. Table 1 lists some common microorganisms found in domestic wastewater and th...

We describe a five-year-old child with neurofibromatosis type I who developed a Charcot knee. Infiltration of the joint by tissue associated with the disease caused damage to the proprioceptive mechanism and resulted in severe joint instability, accelerated destruction and development of neuropathic arthropathy.

Experiments on a periodically forced Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical reaction show front breakup into a state of spatiotemporal disorder involving continual events of spiral-vortex nucleation and destruction. Using the amplitude equation for forced oscillatory systems and the normal form equations for a curved front line, we identify the mechanism of front breakup and explain the experimental obs...