A,.t the present time most pharmacologists believe that acetylcholine is the activator and propagator of the chemical change present in all nerve conduction. This involves the axon and all synaptic junctions of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems. At the sympathetic end organs, sympathin or norepinephrine is released as the effecter substance. Acetylcholine itself is the parasy...

In open multiagent systems, where agents may join/leave the system at runtime, participants can be heterogeneous, self-interested and may have been built with different architectures and languages. Therefore, in such a type of systems, we cannot assure that agents populating the system will behave according to the objectives of the system. To address this problem, organisational abstractions, s...

Recently, there have been an increasing number of studies using change-point methods to detect artificial or natural discontinuities and regime shifts in climate. However, a major drawback with most of the currently used change-point methods is the lack of flexibility (able to detect one specific type of shift under the assumption that the residuals are independent). As temporal variations in c...

The natural abundance of stable carbon isotopes in the annual rings of forest trees is used as a tracer of environmental changes such as climate and atmospheric pollution. Although tree-ring delta(13)C varies by about 2 per thousand from year to year, variability within the foliage can be as high as 6 per thousand. Recent studies have shown that branch length affects stomatal response, which in...

Livestock are responsible for 12% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable intensification of livestock production systems might become a key climate mitigation technology. However, livestock production systems vary substantially, making the implementation of climate mitigation policies a formidable challenge. Here, we provide results from an economic model using a detailed and hi...

Overly strict legal standards are commonly thought to discourage parties from engaging in socially desirable activities. It is explained here, however, that excessive legal standards cannot lead to undesirable curtailment of activities when legal standards are enforced by liability for negligence, essentially because parties can choose to be negligent rather than comply. But excessive legal sta...

Address for Correspondence: Enrico Giustiniano E-mail: enrico.giustiniano@humanitas.it ©Copyright 2016 by Turkish Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Society Available online at www.jtaics.org Received : 18.10.2016 Accepted : 20.11.2016 Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) has been shown to affect the perioperative outcome in major surgery. Specifically, a ‘restrictive’ volume load is preferable t...

Committee decision making is examined in this study focusing on the role assigned to the committee members. In particular, we are concerned about the comparison between committee performance under specialization and non-specialization of the decision makers. JEL Classification number: D81, D71

Sets of desirable gambles constitute a quite general type of uncertainty model with an interesting geometrical interpretation. We study inĄnite exchangeability assessments for them, and give a counterpart of de FinettiŠs inĄnite representation theorem. We show how the inĄnite representation in terms of frequency vectors is tied up with multivariate Bernstein (basis) polynomials. We also lay bar...