An electromagnetic variable valve (EMVV) system can significantly reduce pumping loss and discharge of the engine by enabling timing lift. However, seat easily produces a larger impact collision with cylinder head because fast seating velocity, greatly decreasing life. Therefore, in this paper, buffer (VSB) is designed to solve problem large impact. Firstly, scheme an EMVV embedded proposed, mo...

Wind turbine employs pitch angle control to maintain captured power at its rated value when the wind speed is higher than value. This work adopts a perturbation observer based sliding-mode (POSMC) strategy realize robust variable-pitch of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). POSMC combines system nonlinearities, parametric uncertainties, unmodelled dynamics, and time-varying external ...