design process is one of the main processes practiced in engineering. in this paper, after demonstrating the place of engineering among the topics discussed about technology, design process is studied from the perspective of three different models. the first model, vincenti’s model, provides an abstract explanation of the design process; the second model, bucciarelli’s model, has a sociological...

abstract   presently, there have been many new techniques and performance methods evolved in the process of creating stage atmosphere; and subsequently in stage deign. the dominating atmosphere and scenography receives more attention in the modern pieces and plays and for that reason, stage designers use modern and new technologies in stage creation. there are many significant pioneers in this ...

design of the new apartment buildings in iran, has been faced to a decline of quality of local life and an improper interaction between inside-outside of residential spaces. this interaction can be affected by the quality of in-between spaces in different scales of apartment buildings in residential developments. in-between spaces of apartment houses refer to a hierarchy of the main entrance, o...

Different methods are available for simultaneous optimization of cross-section, topology and geometry of truss structures. Since the search space for this problem is very large, the probability of falling in local optimum is considerably high. On the other hand, different types of design variables (continuous and discrete) lead to some difficulties in the process of optimization. In this articl...