The objectives of this study were to evaluate the infaunal, facultative deposit-feeding clam Amiantis umbonella as a bioindicator of trace-metal contamination and the relative importance of clam burrow sediment and porewater to total accumulation in an urban/industrial coastal environment. Concentrations of eight trace metals (cadmium [Cd], chromium, copper, mercury [Hg], nickel, lead [Pb], van...

An osmotically driven membrane process was proposed for seawater pretreatment in a multi-stage flashing (MSF) thermal plant. Brine reject from the MSF plant draw solution (DS) forward osmosis (FO) order to reduce chemical use. The purpose of FO is removal divalent ions prior desalination. In this study, at 80 g/L and 45 concentrations were used as brine seawater, respectively. temperature 40 °C...

Fresh water is required to sustain life. However, the world is facing a global challenge to reliably supply its population with safe water due to shortages stemming from population growth, climate change, contamination of available fresh water supplies, and public policy. Presently, the United Nations estimates that one third of the world’s population ( 2.4 billion people) is living in water-st...

This work presents a model for the inclusion of chemical water stability in optimizing the operation of water distribution systems. When desalinated water is mixed with surface water and/or groundwater, the blend can become chemically unstable. Such a state can cause the phenomena of “red water,” an increase in corrosion rates, and a reduction in disinfection efficiency. In this study, a method...

The scarcity of fresh water is a global challenge faced at present. Several desalination methods have been suggested to secure fresh water from sea water. However, conventional methods suffer from technical limitations, such as high power consumption, expensive operating costs, and limited system durability. In this study, we examined the feasibility of using halophytes as a novel technology of...

A novel cogeneration system is proposed for power generation and seawater desalination. It combines the CRGT (chemically recuperated gas turbine) with the MED-TVC (multi-effect thermal vapor compression desalination) system. The CRGT contains a MSR (methane-steam reformer). The produced syngas includes plenty of steam and hydrogen, so theworkingmedium flow increases and NOx emissions can achiev...