D eriving reliable and valid estimates of the policy positions of key actors is fundamental to the analysis of political competition. Various systematic methods have been used to do this, including surveys of voters, politicians, and political scientists, and the content analysis of policy documents. Each method has advantages and disadvantages but, for both theoretical and pragmatic reasons, p...

in order to study the effects of climate and geomorphology on the development of soils and their physico-chemical peroperties, two transects on the loess parent material were selected in two regions of golestanprovince. the regions were: huttan (maraveh tappeh area) and gorgan with aridic-thermic and xeric-thermic soil moisture and temperature regimes, respectively. four pedons in hutan and fiv...

Analytical expressions are derived for both the p* and s* resonances in near-edge x-ray-absorption finestructure ~NEXAFS! spectra from diatomic molecules. A simple criterion is formulated for extracting structural parameters ~e.g., the bond lengths! of such molecules from NEXAFS spectra. A universal curve for the positions of resonances is derived from our analytical expressions. The prediction...

The X-ray analysis of cholesteryl iodide is an example of the use that can be made of the presence of a heavy atom, here iodine, in working out the structure of an organic molecule containing a number of asymmetric centres. The method of analysis employed has been to calculate the electron density within the unit cell, using the observed F values and, at first, phase angles deriyed from the con...

Sequences of the gene encoding the large subunit of RUBISCO (rbcL) for 30 genera in the six currently recognized families of conjugating green algae (Desmidiaceae, Gonatozygaceae, Mesotaeniaceae, Peniaceae, and Zygnemataceae) were analyzed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood; bootstrap replications were performed as a measure of support for clades. Other Charophyceae sensu Mattox and...

BACKGROUND Computerized navigation improves the accuracy of minimally invasive pedicle screw placement during spine surgery. Such navigation, however, exposes both the patient and the staff to radiation during surgery. To avoid intraoperative exposure to radiation, tracked ultrasound snapshots-ultrasound image frames coupled with corresponding spatial positions-could be used to map preoperative...

background : in the recent decade, due to the overwhelming importance of health and prevention of diseases, nurses, having the most number of the health care team, are acting in any positions of the health care delivery system; because nursing have a key role in promotion of health and health care everywhere. the objective of this research was to study the desired positions of nursing in the he...

Soil genesis, physico-chemical properties and tea yield were investigated along different hillslope positions in the major tea cultivation area of Iran, i.e. Lahijan, Gilan Province. Land suitability was also determined for the tea production in this hilly region. Four different slope positions i.e., summit, shoulder, backslope and toeslope were sampled on three slope aspects following the prof...

The reactions of sodium benzoate with a series of trimesylates derived from glucosamine have been examined in an attempt to gain facile access to galactosamine analogues. Trimesylate 17, in which the amino group was protected as a phthalimide, underwent double displacement at positions 4 and 6 to give the dibenzoate 18 with the desired galactosamine configuration. In contrast, trimesylates 21 a...

Hunt’s (1972) observation of asymmetric strategies pursued by strategic groups of firms in the U.S. white goods industry more than three decades ago sparked an explosion of industry and cross-industry studies. Departing somewhat from the prevailing industrial organization logic of that time, strategic groups—clusters of firms pursuing similar competitive strategies (Porter, 1980)—represent diff...