While metals benefit from a strong nonlinearity at optical frequencies, its practical exploitation is limited by the weak penetration of the electric field within the metal and the screening by the surface charges. It is shown here that this limitation can be bypassed by depositing a thin dielectric layer on the metal surface or, alternatively, using a thin metal film. This strategy enables us ...

In nature there are depositing media which relatively stable macrosystems. Their contamination that occurs due to long-term exposure contaminants influences population health and this is especially vital for urbanized territories with large city-forming enterprises. Our research goal was perform hygienic assessment of carcinogenic risks under heavy metals contained in media. We analyzed data on...

Serum Albumin is the most abundant protein in blood plasma. Its two major roles are maintaining osmoticpressure and depositing and transporting compounds. In this paper Albumin-Ethanol/Water solutionssimulations are carried out by three techniques including Monte Carlo (MC), Molecular Dynamic (MD) andLangevin Dynamic (LD) simulations in aqueous solutions. Investigation the energy changes with t...

Cluster-assembled nanostructured carbon with a fractal morphology is employed as a large-area surface scaffold for metal decoration. By depositing silver by pulsed laser ablation densely packed, distributions of metal nanoparticles are produced. The authors show, using the surface-enhanced Raman effect and the modification of fluorescence quantum yields near metallic surfaces, that silver-coate...

T risha Andrew, a professor of chemistry at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, draws on her chemistry and engineering expertise to find ways to make low-cost and lightweight solar cells. Her specialty lies in depositing unconventional solar cell materials such as organic dyes and quantum dots on paper and fabrics. Prachi Patel spoke with the recently elected Packard Fellow about her work on ...

Diamonds not only are beautiful and valuable as jewelry, they also have a number of unique characteristics that make them valuable in a range of commercial applications, including optics, acoustics, medicine, electronics, tooling and hard coatings, abrasives, and ceramics. Economic and technical constraints, however, limit their use. A low-cost method of depositing diamond film would open the w...

Cold plasma conditions offer a novel route for synthesizing and depositing macromolecular structures on various organic and inorganic surfaces, and to functionalize in a controlled manner even the most inert polymeric substrates. The energies of active species of plasma are high enough to split all chemical bonds from organic and organometallic derivatives and consequently, tailored macromolecu...

We herein describe a method of depositing hemoglobin (Hb) and sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) on GC electrodes that facilitate interfacial protein electron transfer. Well-defined, reproducible, chemically reversible peaks of Hb and SPAN can be obtained in our experiments. We also observed enhanced peroxidase activity of Hb in SPAN films. These results clearly showed that SPAN worked as molecular ...

Association for Artificial Intelligence Mobile Robot Competition and Exhibition featured robots trying to find and collect stationary and moving colored objects in an arena littered with real rocks. The 2day event had 11 entries participating in both single-robot and multirobot categories, both with and without manipulators. During the event, many of the robots successfully demonstrated object ...

We report progress toward a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based system capable of detecting a few atomic spin-flips. The scaling of the flux sensitivity with SQUID loop dimension of miniature niobium dc SQUID devices is examined and shown experimentally to vary as predicted. Our smallest device, with loop size 3 m 3 m, is capable of detecting 40 spins in a 1-Hz bandwidth. ...