Polymeric materials such as polycarbonate (PC) and poly-methyl methacryate (PMMA) are replacing silicon as the major substrate in microfluidic system fabrication due to their outstanding features such as low cost and good chemical resistance. In this study, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of PC and PMMA substrates was investigated. Four types of slurry were tested on CMP of the polymers und...

Extending the wealth accumulation model of Piketty and Zucman [2014] to include net depreciation in fossil fuels, minerals, and forests produces two key indicators: the net national saving rate adjusted for natural capital depreciation, and the ratio of this rate to long-run growth. These indicators are applied to eight rich economies over 1970–2013 and developing countries for 1979–2013. Where...

An efficient software tool for investigations on novel stacked gate dielectrics with emphasis on reliability has been developed. The accumulation, depletion, and inversion of carriers in MOS capacitors is properly considered for nand p-substrates. The effect of carrier quantization on the electrostatics and the leakage current is included by treating carriers in quasi-bound states (QBS) and con...

The limited resource model states that self-control is governed by a relatively finite set of inner resources on which people draw when exerting willpower. Once self-control resources have been used up or depleted, they are less available for other self-control tasks, leading to a decrement in subsequent self-control success. The depletion effect has been studied for over 20 years, tested or ex...

Rap1 and Rap2 are closely related proteins of the Ras family of small G-proteins. Rap1 is well known to regulate cell-cell adhesion. Here, we have analysed the effect of Rap-mediated signalling on endothelial permeability using electrical impedance measurements of HUVEC monolayers and subsequent determination of the barrier resistance, which is a measure for the ease with which ions can pass ce...

This note offers a general proof of the converse of Hartwick’s rule, namely that — in an economy with stationary instantaneous preferences and a stationary technology — an efficient constant utility path is characterized by the value of net investments being zero at each point in time. In a one consumption economy with two stocks — a stock of a natural resource and a stock of man-made capital —...

The evidence for a shortage of exosolar planets with semimajor axes −1.1 ≤ log(a/AU) ≤ −0.2 is investigated. It is shown that this valley results from a gap in the radial distribution of planets, orbiting stars with masses M∗ ≥ 1.2M⊙ (the high-mass sample, HMS). No underabundance is found for planets orbiting stars with smaller masses. The observational data also indicate that within the HMS po...

in order to study of effects of deficit irrigation on morphological traits and growth indices variation of corn forage (sc. 704) in rasht region, an experiment based on randomized complete design with four treatments and three replication was conducted in 2007 growing season, at research farm of faculty of agriculture, university of guilan. experimental treatments consisted of: no-irrigation, 1...

The resource-based model of self-regulation provides a pessimistic view of self-regulation that people are destined to lose their self-control after having engaged in any act of self-regulation because these acts deplete the limited resource that people need for successful self-regulation. The cognitive control theory, however, offers an alternative explanation and suggests that the depletion e...

We investigate the influence of space-quantization effect and poly-gate depletion on the inversion layer capacitance Cinv, total gate capacitance Ctot and threshold voltage VT in scaled Si-MOSFETs. We also present an analytical expression for the total gate capacitance Ctot that uses classical charge description and takes into account the depletion of the poly-silicon gates. Our simulation resu...