During development, thymocytes express a number of genes typical for activated peripheral T lymphocytes, including granzymes. We have now analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and cytochemistry fetal liver cells and thymocytes at various developmental stages for the expression of granzyme A-G genes. At days 13-17 of gestation, only granzyme ...

abstract this study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of deuterium depleted water with satureja rechingeri essential oil on liver damage. for this purpose, the adult male rats were divided into 16 groups. the negative control group used tap water in 14 days following dmso i.p injection at day 15th. the treatment group with acetaminophen received tap water in 14 days fol...

BACKGROUND Pregestational diabetes is a major risk factor of congenital heart defects (CHDs). Glutathione is depleted and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is elevated in diabetes. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which increases glutathione synthesis and inhibits ROS production, prevents CHDs induced by pregestational diabetes. M...

background: fetal electrocardiography is a developing field that provides valuable information on the fetal health during pregnancy. by early diagnosis and treatment of fetal heart problems, more survival chance is given to the infant. objective: here, we extract fetal ecg from maternal abdominal recordings and detect r-peaks in order to recognize fetal heart rate. on the next step, we find a b...

Erythropoietic repopulating abilities of fetal liver cells and young and old adult marrow cells were compared as follows: Equal numbers of cells from a donor of each age were mixed with a constant portion of cells pooled from genetically distinguishable competitors. These mixtures were transplanted into stem cell-depleted recipients, and the proportions of recipient hemoglobin that were donor t...

We have described (1) a biologically active antigen-specific Ly-1-; 2 + T cell product that has the capacity to suppress the ability of Ly-2 cell-depleted spleen cells to make primary responses in Mishell-Dutton cultures. It has been presumed that this material, referred to as "Ly-2 suppressor factor from T cells (TsF), ''1 is a direct suppressor molecule because (a) it requires no other cells ...

BACKGROUND Fetal bovine serum (FBS) contains a wide range of growth factors, hormones, vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids and trace elements required for cell growth. It was shown that animal sera contain also extracellular vesicles (EVs) with important biological properties; thus we wondered whether EVs present in FBS would influence muscle cell phenotype. EVs were removed from sera by ultrace...

Depleted uranium (DU) is an emerging environmental pollutant that is introduced into the environment primarily by military activity. While depleted uranium is less radioactive than natural uranium, it still retains all the chemical toxicity associated with the original element. In large doses the kidney is the target organ for the acute chemical toxicity of this metal, producing potentially let...

background: infection with parvovirus b19 may cause fetal losses including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal death and non-immune hydropsfetalis. the aim of this study is to determine the frequency of parvovirus b19 in formalin fixed placental tissues in lost fetuses using real-time pcr method.   methods : in this cross-sectional study, 100 formalin fixed placental tissues with unknown c...