Leaf toughness is an important functional trait that confers resistance to herbivory and mechanical damage. We sought determine how species composition, climate, seasonality, nutrient availability influence leaf in two types of tundra northern Alaska. measured as force punch for 11 Arctic plants tussock dry heath at 17 sites distributed along a latitudinal gradient. Rubus chamaemorus L. the gra...

An experimental burning program was set up in South Australia aimed at characterizing fuel dynamics and fire behaviour in mallee-heath woodlands. Fuel complexes in the experimental area comprised mallee and heath vegetation with ages (time since fire) ranging from 7 to 50 years old. Dominant overstorey mallee vegetation comprised Eucalyptus calycogona, E. diversifolia, E. incrassate and E. lept...

This paper aims at transferring the philosophy behind Heath-Jarrow-Morton to the modelling of call options with all strikes and maturities. Contrary to the approach by Carmona and Nadtochiy [8] and related to the recent contribution [10] by the same authors, the key parametrisation of our approach involves time-inhomogeneous Lévy processes instead of local volatility models. We provide necessar...

The board of the European Association for Dental Public Health (EADPH) is very grateful that two of the EADPH special interest groups were able to produce position papers in their fields within a relatively short time. Their first article, “Methodological issues in epidemiological studies of periodontitis – how can it be improved,” was prepared by Roos Leroy, Ken Eaton and Amir Savage following...

Erica australis, E. scoparia, E. arborea and Calluna 6ulgaris are the most abundant heath species on acid, sandstone-derived soils of the Strait of Gibraltar region (southern Spain and northern Morocco). Despite their apparently similar ecological requirements, these four species are somewhat ecologically segregated. Erica australis is abundant only on poor, shallow soils, with a high content i...

Abstract We study wide moments of Dirichlet L-functions using analytic properties the Lerch zeta function. Among other things we obtain an asymptotic expansion (with arbitrary twists) extending results Heath-Brown. also give applications to non-vanishing.