A 28-year-old vegetarian woman with pernicious anemia developed progressive leg spasticity and psychosis leading to food paranoia severe malnutrition. She presented encephalopathy, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, deficiency of zinc vitamins B1, B6, B12. MRI revealed a lesion the splenium corpus callosum (figure 1) spinal cord changes 2). This case shows combination findings associated vitamin deficien...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and the major cause of neurological disability in young adults in Western countries. In spite of intensive research efforts, treatment options established to date do not sufficiently prevent the accumulation of tissue damage and clinical disability in patients with MS. We here describe r...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in the general population and may coincide with disease in the central and peripheral nervous system. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is used as treatment for HCV infection. The therapeutic benefit is assumed to result from activation of natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells. Despite its beneficial effects, it has been associated with a number of autoimm...

neuromuscular disorders encompass a broad spectrum of disorders from the anterior horn cell to the muscle tissue itself. the given condition can be either genetic or acquired. these group of disorders are diagnostically challenging as many of them also pose other systemic findings. one example would the commonly seen mental retardation in duchenne muscular dystrophy. from the practical point of...

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that may lead to disability of the patient. Current MS treatment regimens are still insufficient and research is conducted for developing more effective therapies capable of targeting neurodegeneration, inflammation, and demyelination. Recent results of experimental and clinical studies in ...

The etiology of several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), has still not been completely clarified. MS is defined as an autoimmune disease with clinical features of a chronic, inflammatory and demyelinating autoimmune disorder which affects the central nervous system. The course of the disease includes phases of remission and relapses which can be exacerbated in both severi...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established murine model of multiple sclerosis, an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). We have previously shown that CNS-specific CD8+ T cells (CNS-CD8+) ameliorate EAE, at least in part through modulation of CNS-specific CD4+ T cell responses. In this study, we show that CNS-CD8+ also modulate the...

Immune-mediated tissue damage or hypersensitivity can be mediated by autospecific IgG antibodies. Pathology results from activation of complement, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, mediated by inflammatory effector leukocytes include macrophages, natural killer cells, and granulocytes. Antibodies and complement have been associated to demyelinating pathology in multiple sclerosis (M...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is the most common chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (cns) which preferentially involves young women in early child bearing age. opposite to traditional view emphasized on discouraging female patients from enduring pregnancy, recent investigations showed that pregnancy-related physiological alterations, especially during the third tr...