The saturation of the domestic market is one of the factors which drive firms to expand their business to other markets. Franchising is one of the formats adopted by companies when establishing their internationalization strategy. Spain is a country where franchising is strongly consolidated. This degree of maturity means that many chains seek other countries in which to operate. This work's sp...

Internationalization of R&D has unleashed a considerable degree of tension within multinational corporations. This paper explores the nature of such a tension in the Japanese multinational firms. At first glance, the most obvious tension appeared to be on the autonomy and control issue between the headquarters and overseas laboratories. However, taking perception gaps as the primary manifestati...

Economic globalization implies a growing interdependence of resources across countries. Technological R&D and cross-border collaboration are often identified as the primary driving forces in the process. This study aims to holistically analyze global landscape of international collaboration and identify influential countries and the interdependencies among countries. A total of 458,381 internat...

This paper aims to develop a model that assists the international retailer in selecting the country that maximizes the degree of fit between the retailer’s goals and the country characteristics in his initial internationalization move. A two-stage multi criteria decision model is designed integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Goal Programming. Ethical, cultural, geographic and ec...

Abstract Research Summary We investigate how the presence of populist rulers affects foreign direct investment in democratic countries. Our analysis sheds light on mechanisms by which this political force impacts firms' decisions, considering effect institutions and internationalization strategies at firm level global arena. test our theory using instrumental variables with a panel dataset US m...

This paper investigates the current situation and main reasons for the massive circulation of China’s national currency, the renminbi (RMB), in China’s neighboring economies. It indicates that the expansive use of RMB in Asia is the beginning of the process of RMB internationalization. This process is being driven by a strong Chinese economy and increased investors’ confidence in RMB. Internati...

During the last five years, we have done several studies aiming at understanding the link between website design and the user’s culture. From these studies we have identified a number of cultural markers that affect website usability, understanding and acceptance. Based on these results, this paper offers five groups of cultural markers to be used as guidelines for designing user cultural-cente...

This paper introduces a novel application in bibliometrics of the barycenter method. Using places of publication barycenters, we measure internationalization of book publishing in the Social Sciences and Humanities. Based on 2002-2011 data for Flanders, Belgium, we demonstrate how the geographic center of weight of book publishing is different for the Social Sciences than for the Humanities. Wh...

This article adds to the debate on internationalization competences of SMEs. After an examination of the most influential papers, we systematically discuss the role of individual and organizational competence gaps before and during the internationalization phase. In more detail, we raise the question what kinds of competences gaps hinder SMEs to go international and what competence gaps arise d...