The synthesis of small rings by functionalization of C(sp(3) )-H bonds remains a great challenge. We report for the first time a copper-catalyzed [1+1+1] cyclotrimerization of acetophenone derivatives under mild reaction conditions. The reaction has a broad scope for the stereoselective synthesis of cyclopropanes by trimerization of acetophenone. The developed transformation is based on an extr...

the first zagreb index $m_1$ of a graph $g$ is equal to the sum of squaresof degrees of the vertices of $g$. goubko proved that for trees with $n_1$pendent vertices, $m_1 geq 9,n_1-16$. we show how this result can beextended to hold for any connected graph with cyclomatic number $gamma geq 0$.in addition, graphs with $n$ vertices, $n_1$ pendent vertices, cyclomaticnumber $gamma$, and minimal $m...

background : clinical work is important part of nursing teaching. nursing education to their responsibilities for teaching and researching are also responsible for integrating the knowledge and practice and offering service to community. complexity of these responsibilities often cause a great deal of psychological stress.   objective : to determine level of stress perceived by nurse educators ...

The feasibility of edge-functionalization of graphite was tested via the model reaction between pyrene and 4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyloxy)benzamide (TMPBA) in poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA)/phosphorous pentoxide (P(2)O(5)) medium. The functionalization was confirmed by various characterization techniques. On the basis of the model study, the reaction condition could be extended to the edge-functional...

Received: 20 February 2016 Accepted: 19 March 2016 Published online: 30 June 2016 Printed: 30 June 2016 Direct and selective carbon‐hydrogen bond functionalization has attracted enormous attention because it provides more efficient strategies for preparing valuable functional molecules from easily available substrates. Significant and exciting developments in functionalization of un‐activation ...

investigating transfer of one’s pragmatic knowledge of first language to his second or foreign language has been one of the areas of interest for researchers. however, there are contradictory results even within the scarce studies which have addressed transferability. this study was an attempt to investigate perceived pragmatic transferability of l1 refusal strategies by persian efl learners. s...

protein recovery under sonication treatment and autolysis, also protein hydrolysis progress during enzymatic hydrolysis (using trypsin and chymotrypsin) and autolysis (using endogenous enzymes) were investigated in saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces marxianus. crude protein content of dried yeast cells were 53.22% and 45.6% for s.cerevisiae and k.marxianus, respectively. after 96 hrs of...

the degree kirchhoff index of a connected graph $g$ is defined as‎ ‎the sum of the terms $d_i,d_j,r_{ij}$ over all pairs of vertices‎, ‎where $d_i$ is the‎ ‎degree of the $i$-th vertex‎, ‎and $r_{ij}$ the resistance distance between the $i$-th and‎ ‎$j$-th vertex of $g$‎. ‎bounds for the degree kirchhoff index of the line and para-line‎ ‎graphs are determined‎. ‎the special case of regular grap...

We report that SeO2 catalyzes the facile oxy-functionalization of (CO)5Re(I)-Me(delta-) with IO4(-) to generate methanol. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations reveal that catalysis involves methyl group transfer from Re to the electrophilic Se center followed by oxidation and subsequent reductive functionalization of the resulting CH3Se(VI) species. Furthermore, (CO)3Re(I)(Bpy)-R (R = ethyl...

aim : in this study, we was tried to prepare a nano compound with a new way in functionalization as anti gastric cancer candidate. background : functionalization of nanotubes is a useful route for modification of their biologic properties. (3-oxoindolin-2-ylidene) urea is a chemical compound that made of isatin and urea that can be useful in cancer study. patients and methods : mwnt-cooh was fu...