Laleh Samavi was born in Rasht,Iran in 1979. She received her B.Sc. (2002) and M.Sc. (2005) degrees from the university of Guilan. Presently she is working towards her Ph.D. degree under supervision of Prof. Farhad Shirini at the University of Guilan. Her research is focused on the development of synthetic rout of catalysts and their applications in organic chemistry.

The first and second Zagreb indices of a graph are equal, respectively, to the sum of squares of the vertex degrees, and the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices. We now consider analogous graph invariants, based on the second degrees of vertices (number of their second neighbors), called leap Zagreb indices. A number of their basic properties is established.

introduction regional inequality on social and economic grounds is one of the important obstacle in economic development. thus, one of the main issues for policy making and planning in designing a comprehensive social and economic plan is the balanced development in different regions. the recognition of each region situation in relation to other cases is a necessary factor in decreasing inequal...

this paper aims at determining the degree of development and analyzing the trend of inequalityâ in urban places of ostans of iran in 1365-1385. data collected in the three last censuses for all the urban places of the ostans have been used in this study. the method of the study is descriptive-analytical. the study consist of fifty four indices including health, cultural, economical, infrastruct...

agriculture and its development is the foundation of development in iran as a developing country. so, it can be regarded as the foundation for economical and social development.the capabilities of agriculture sector are limited and its efficiency is trivial because of neglecting agricultural development and keeping its support just as a slogan. the transformation of agriculture to a developed, ...