Multiparasitism (females of multiple species parasitizing the same host) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in parasitoids, yet the role of within-host competition has been mostly ignored in multiparasitoid-host models. Here we study the effect of varying the degree of competition at different life stages: competition over oviposition sites (between-adult competition) and larval competition over resour...

Preface During their joint meeting in Skagen (Denmark) on 6-7 September 2001, the competition authorities of the Nordic countries established a task force to examine the degree of competition in Nordic aviation and to suggest measures to enhance it. Their report is hereby submitted. The analyses, conclusions and recommendations contained herein are unanimous. 1. The Nordic Task Force on Airline...

Competitive diversification, that is, when increasing intraspecific competition promotes population niche expansion, is commonly invoked in evolutionary studies and currently plays a central role in how we conceptualize the process of adaptive diversification. Despite the frequency with which this idea is cited, the empirical evidence for the process is somewhat limited, and the findings of the...

the first zagreb index $m_1$ of a graph $g$ is equal to the sum of squaresof degrees of the vertices of $g$. goubko proved that for trees with $n_1$pendent vertices, $m_1 geq 9,n_1-16$. we show how this result can beextended to hold for any connected graph with cyclomatic number $gamma geq 0$.in addition, graphs with $n$ vertices, $n_1$ pendent vertices, cyclomaticnumber $gamma$, and minimal $m...

background : clinical work is important part of nursing teaching. nursing education to their responsibilities for teaching and researching are also responsible for integrating the knowledge and practice and offering service to community. complexity of these responsibilities often cause a great deal of psychological stress.   objective : to determine level of stress perceived by nurse educators ...

investigating transfer of one’s pragmatic knowledge of first language to his second or foreign language has been one of the areas of interest for researchers. however, there are contradictory results even within the scarce studies which have addressed transferability. this study was an attempt to investigate perceived pragmatic transferability of l1 refusal strategies by persian efl learners. s...

protein recovery under sonication treatment and autolysis, also protein hydrolysis progress during enzymatic hydrolysis (using trypsin and chymotrypsin) and autolysis (using endogenous enzymes) were investigated in saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces marxianus. crude protein content of dried yeast cells were 53.22% and 45.6% for s.cerevisiae and k.marxianus, respectively. after 96 hrs of...

the degree kirchhoff index of a connected graph $g$ is defined as‎ ‎the sum of the terms $d_i,d_j,r_{ij}$ over all pairs of vertices‎, ‎where $d_i$ is the‎ ‎degree of the $i$-th vertex‎, ‎and $r_{ij}$ the resistance distance between the $i$-th and‎ ‎$j$-th vertex of $g$‎. ‎bounds for the degree kirchhoff index of the line and para-line‎ ‎graphs are determined‎. ‎the special case of regular grap...

Several factors contribute to successful swim performance, but how are they affected by impaired vision? The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between degree of visual impairment and performance variables during the 100m freestyle and backstroke events in Paralympic swimmers and to compare the performances with those of Olympic swimmers. A competition video analysis conducte...