four ruminally-cannulated holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 latin square changeover design within periods of 21 days to evaluate effects of feeding frequency of different sources of rumen degradable nitrogen on total tract digestibility of nutrients, feeding behaviors, rumen and blood metabolites of holstein cows. treatments were: 1) control diet which was as total mixed ration (tmr) offered o...

This article reviews bioengineered strategies for spinal cord repair using tissue engineered scaffolds and drug delivery systems. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) is multifactorial and multiphasic, and therefore, it is likely that effective treatments will require combinations of strategies such as neuroprotection to counteract secondary injury, provision of scaffolds to replace ...

Polymeric gene-delivery vectors to achieve lack of toxicity and a balance between protection and DNA release remains a formidable challenge. Incorporating intracellular environment-responsive degradable bonds is an appreciable step toward developing safer transfection agents. In this study, novel, dual-degradable polycation copolymers (Pluronic-diacrylate [PA]-polyethyleneimine [PEI]-SS) were s...

Consider a system consisting of a sender that wants to send a value to certain receivers. Byzantine agreement protocols [2, 7, 8] have been proposed to achieve this in the presence of arbitrary failures. The imposed requirement typically is that the fault-free receivers must all agree on the same value [7, 8]. (Dolev [2] analyzes a somewhat weaker form of agreement). It has been shown that such...

Equations to describe gas production profiles, obtained using manual or automated systems for in vitro fermentation of ruminant feeds, were derived from first principles by considering a simple three-pool scheme. The pools represented were the potentially degradable and undegradable feed fractions, and accumulated gases. The equations derived and investigated mathematically were the generalized...

The in vitro cytocompatibility of silicate (Laponite clay) cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanocomposite films using MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblast cells was investigated while cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation and mineralization were assessed as a function of film composition. By combining the advantageous characteristics of PEO polymer (hydrophilic, prevents protein and cell adhes...

Experiments conducted by the authors and their colleagues in the previous five years are summarized. It is concluded that dietary requirements for rumen-degradable, nitrogen (RDN) can be supplied entirely as nonprotein nitrogen (NPN): Also, that supplements of 'NPN and proteins are equally effective in stimulating forage intake, when intake of RDN in the forage is low, provided that intake of N...