Many volcanoes around the world are persistently active with continuous degassing for years or even centuries, sometimes exceeding historic records. Such long-term stability contrasts short-term instability, reflected in eruptive episodes that punctuate passive degassing. These two aspects of persistent activity, as opposed to often conceptualized through distinct model frameworks: Exchange-flo...

The aim of this study was to assess whether chronic exposure to volcanogenic air pollution by hydrothermal soil diffuse degassing is associated with respiratory defects in humans. This study was carried in the archipelago of the Azores, an area with active volcanism located in the Atlantic Ocean where Eurasian, African, and American lithospheric plates meet. A cross-sectional study was performe...

NWA 2737, a Martian meteorite from the Chassignite subclass, contains minute amounts (0.010 ± 0.005 vol%) of metal-saturated Fe-Ni sulfides. These latter bear evidence of the strong shock effects documented by abundant Fe nanoparticles and planar defects in Northwest Africa (NWA) 2737 olivine. A Ni-poor troilite (Fe ⁄S = 1.0 ± 0.01), sometimes Cr-bearing (up to 1 wt%), coexists with micrometer-...

[1] We present evidence for a seismic source associated with degassing CO2 during leakage along two wellbores instrumented with arrays of downhole seismometers. More than 200 microseismic events were detected in direct vicinity of the monitoring wells. The observed seismic waves are dominantly P waves and tube waves, with no (or extremely weak S) shear waves. The waveforms of these events indic...

We report measurements of the thermoelectric power ~TEP! S and electrical resistance R of thin films of tangled ropes of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Experiments at 300 K under applied force normal to the plane of the film revealed a ;10–20 % decrease in the four-probe resistance, indicating that the contact resistance between ropes had improved. The TEP, however, was not affected by the app...

[1] A large-scale geographical study of the ice pack in the seasonal ice zone of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, took place from September to October 2006. Sea ice brines with a salinity greater than 58 and temperature lower than 3.6 C were sampled from 22 ice stations. The brines had large deficits in total alkalinity and in the concentrations of the major dissolved macronutrients (total dissolve...

Low estimated lunar volatile contents, compared with Earth, are a fundamental observation for Earth-Moon system formation and lunar evolution. Here we present zinc isotope and abundance data for lunar crustal rocks to constrain the abundance of volatiles during the final stages of lunar differentiation. We find that ferroan anorthosites are isotopically heterogeneous, with some samples exhibiti...