CONTEXT Children and adults with psychopathic traits and conduct or oppositional defiant disorder demonstrate poor decision making and are impaired in reversal learning. However, the neural basis of this impairment has not previously been investigated. Furthermore, despite high comorbidity of psychopathic traits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, to our knowledge, no research has att...

BACKGROUND Neuroimaging findings have provided evidence for a relation between variations in brain structures and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, longitudinal neuroimaging studies are typically confined to children who have already been diagnosed with ADHD. In a population-based study, we aimed to characterize the prospective association between brain structures measur...

Purpose To systematically review the scientific production on the relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Speech-language Pathology and to methodologically analyze the observational studies on the theme. Research strategies Systematic review of the literature conducted at the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System online (MEDLINE, USA), Lit...

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects between 1.4% and 6% of children. The importance of the role of primary care in the recognition and joint management of this disorder is being increasingly highlighted. Despite a wealth of research, the diagnosis and management of ADHD have attracted a good deal of controversy. In this discussion paper, we focus on the empirical basis for s...

s and reference lists within those articles to rule out or rule in these or other articles. Results: Multiple factors have significant impact in the identification and diagnosis of ADHD including parents, healthcare providers, teachers, and aspects of the environment. Only a few studies detailed the impact of not diagnosing ADHD, with unclear consequences independent of treatment. A more signif...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset psychiatric disorder whose cardinal symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity1. Diagnostic criteria for ADHD are based on extensive empirical research and appropriately lead to the diagnosis of a syndrome with higher interrater reliability, high predictability of course and medication responsiveness. The criteria...

In this chapter we have reviewed the diagnosis and management of attention deficit disorder, focusing particularly on the role of stimulant therapy in ADHD. Hisorical review suggests that ADHD has roots that extend back almost a century. The definition of ADHD is based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that are established by history and reflect behavioral concerns. Attention-deficit/hyperact...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders and affects approximately 6 to 7 % of children and adolescents; ADHD occurs about four times more commonly in boys than girls [1-3]. The characteristic features of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are excessive motor activity, inattentio...

N Engl J Med 2005;352:165-73. Copyright © 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society. A mother brings in her eight-year-old son for evaluation after he is suspended from riding the school bus for jumping out of his seat, teasing other children, and not following directions. He spends two to three hours a night with homework that he never successfully completes. His mother wants to know whether he has a...