We used three-dimensional inverse scattering of core-reflected shear waves for large-scale, high-resolution exploration of Earth's deep interior (D'') and detected multiple, piecewise continuous interfaces in the lowermost layer (D'') beneath Central and North America. With thermodynamic properties of phase transitions in mantle silicates, we interpret the images and estimate in situ temperatur...

[1] Large igneous provinces are characterized by magmatic activity on two distinct timescales. While these provinces have total active lifetimes of order 10–30 Ma, most of the erupted volume is emplaced within 1 Ma in many cases. The longer timescale is consistent with plume or tectonic models for mantle melting responsible for flood volcanism, but the shorter “main stage” timescale is enigmati...

A magneto-responsive energy/drug carrier that enhances deep tumor penetration with a porous nano-composite is constructed by using a tumor-targeted lactoferrin (Lf) bio-gate as a cap on mesoporous iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs). With a large payload of a gas-generated molecule, perfluorohexane (PFH), and a hydrophobic anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX), Lf-MIONs can simultaneously perform bur...

Context. The evolution of stars and planets is mostly controlled by the properties of their atmosphere. This is particularly true in the case of exoplanets close to their stars, for which one has to account both for an (often intense) irradiation flux, and from an intrinsic flux responsible for the progressive loss of the inner planetary heat. Aims. The goals of the present work are to help und...

BACKGROUND Forced-air warming is sometimes unable to maintain perioperative normothermia. Therefore, the authors compared heat transfer, regional heat distribution, and core rewarming of forced-air warming with a novel circulating-water garment. METHODS Nine volunteers were each evaluated on two randomly ordered study days. They were anesthetized and cooled to a core temperature near 34 degre...

In resting man, deep body temperature is maintained at about 37-380C. The existence of such a steady temperature indicates that the rates of metabolic heat production is balanced -by the rate of heat loss to the environment. At rest the main challenge to the regulation of body temperature comes from changes in environmental conditions. At low ambient temperatures, especially if this is coupled ...

The present study experimentally investigated a new hybrid cooling scheme by combination of a microchannel heat sink with a micro-synthetic jet actuator. The heat sink consisted of a single rectangular microchannel measured 550 μm wide, 500 μm deep and 26 mm long. The synthetic jet actuator with a 100 μm diameter orifice was placed right above the microchannel and 5 mm downstream from the chann...

Much recent work has focused on unforced global mean surface air temperature (T) variability associated with the efficiency of heat transport into the deep ocean. Here the relationship between unforced variability in T and the Earth’s top-of-atmosphere (TOA) energy balance is explored in preindustrial control runs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 multimodel ensemble. It is f...

Impact testing methodology is findings the applications for determining the impact strength of the different materials. Oneof the most important characteristics of structural steels, toughness is assessed by the Charpy V-notch impact test. The objective of the research was to maximize the impact toughness by selecting various combinations of Charpy Impact test parameters. In this paper, experim...