We highlight the implications of combining underwriting services and lending for the choice of underwriters and for competition in the underwriting business. We show that cross-selling can increase underwriters’ incentives, and we explain three phenomena: first, that cross-selling is important for universal banks to enter the investment banking business; second, that cross-selling is particular...

Assume that the surplus of an insurer follows a compound Poisson surplus process. When the surplus is below zero or the insurer is on deficit, the insurer could borrow money at a debit interest rate to pay claims. Meanwhile, the insurer will repay debts from her premium income. The negative surplus may return to a positive level if debts are reasonable. However, when the negative surplus is bel...

EFT requires that the company being debited must authorize the transaction. This cable in other countries whose banking systems are different than those in the USA. Electronic fund transfers (EFT) as a process has been around for many years, although it is only lately that its importance in the electronic commerce cycle is being understood. This article relates to the electronic fund transfer s...

household data are used in this study to assess the transaction costs of obtaining credit from formal and semiformal institutions in rural iran. a survey was employed to gather the data needed to determine the transaction costs that must be borne by the borrower in each step of the credit procurement process. data were collected from a random sample of 459 households, including 272 borrower hou...

Dalam pembangunan Bendungan Pamukkulu desain awal yang digunakan dalam perencanaan terowongan pengelak yaitu bentuk tapal kuda. Namun penelitian ini diajukan alternatif lingkaran. Curah hujan rata-rata daerah dihitung dengan metode Poligon Thiessen dan perhitungan analisa curah rancangan periode ulang 2,5,10,25 tahun menggunakan Gumbel, Log Normal, Pearson Type III. Dengan uji kesesuaian distri...

In this paper a fraud detection method is proposed which user behaviors are modeled using two main components namely the un-normal trend analysis component and scenario based component. The extent of deviation of a transaction from his/her normal behavior is estimated using fuzzy membership functions. The results of applying all membership functions on a transaction will then be infused and a f...