Nowadays high-tonnage drawing presses need a controlled cushion so that the force is controlled during the drawing process. Although with a classic force control algorithm, consisting of a non-linear feedforward loop and a closed loop PID control, the results are normally quite good, there are times when tuning up is difficult and performance diminishes significantly at high rates. A new force ...

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA) empowered the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set emission standards for a number of potentially hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) generated by a variety of specific combustion sources. Eleven elements (or compounds of these elements) present in coal are among the 189 pollutants identified as air toxics by the CAAA legislation. Mercury is incl...

The purpose of this research is to analyze the forging of bevel gears based on conventional forging method with material number 1.7131 with finite element method by means of SUPER FORGE software and to compare it with experimental cold orbital forging results.After doing simulation of conventional forging and obtaining press tonnage due to orbital forging method with DEFORM software, orbital fo...

The associations patterns between reproductive success, measured by the total number of offspring, number of living offspring and number of dead offspring, and parental body size, estimated by stature, body weight and Body mass index, were tested in 65 female and 103 male members of a !Kung San population ageing between 25 and 40 years (x = 30.2 yr.) from northern Namibia. In both sexes a signi...