The Ribeira de Iguape Valley, located in southeastern Brazil, is an important karstic region, presenting a large number of caves containing fossil and subfossil vertebrate materials. Abismo Ponta Flecha Cave complex vertical cave divided into galleries where amount osteological material was collected. acted as natural trap for several taxa possibly disposal site ancient human communities. Osteo...

1-5% of human blood T cells are Vγ9Vδ2 T cells whose T cell receptor (TCR) contain a TRGV9/TRGJP rearrangement and a TRDV2 comprising Vδ2-chain. They respond to phosphoantigens (PAgs) like isopentenyl pyrophosphate or (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl-pyrophosphate (HMBPP) in a butyrophilin 3 (BTN3)-dependent manner and may contribute to the control of mycobacterial infections. These cells were...

The authors present a technique to perform nerve conduction study in armadillos (D. novemcinctus) and suggest that 66.17 m/s could be the mean normal nerve conduction velocity for the sciatic nerve, a parameter that could be used for assessment of the peripheral nervous system in this animal, considered the choice for experimental development of leprosy neuropathy and even in other peripheral n...

twik2 ion channels (k2p6.1, encoded by a gene named kcnk6) belong to the family of two-pore domain potassium channels. twik2 is also considered as a “silent” channel because of its inability to produce measurable currents in heterologous expression systems and its intracellular retention. it is expressed in different mammalian tissues including lymphoid organs and the vascular system. however, ...

Objective(s) Shark Liver Oil (SLO) is an immunomodulator. Macrophages play a key role in host defense against pathogens like fungi. Candida albicans have mechanisms to escape immune system. We determined the effect of killed-Candida on the in vitro viability of macrophages and the effect of SLO on augmentation of this potency. Materials and Methods Peritoneal macrophages were separated and c...