Epichloë typhina, a fungal endophyte of cool season grasses, is heterothallic and an obligate out-crosser. In areas of endemism, its spermatia are moved between stromata of the two opposite mating types through egg-laying activities of Botanophila flies. In western Oregon, where the fungus was inadvertently introduced into seed-production fields of Dactylis glomerata (= orchardgrass, cocksfoot)...

Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to have widespread implications for marine organisms, yet the capacity for species to acclimate or adapt over this century remains unknown. Recent transgenerational studies have shown that for some marine species, exposure of adults to OA can facilitate positive carryover effects to their larval and juvenile offspring that help them to survive in acidifying...

In actinorhizal symbioses, filamentous nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria of the genus Frankia induce the formation of nodules on the roots of a diverse group of dicotyledonous plants representing trees or woody shrubs, with one exception, Datisca glomerata. In the nodules, Frankia fixes nitrogen and exports the products to the plant cytoplasm, while being supplied with carbon sources by the host. P...

Fungal endophytes were isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic plants of Dactylis glomerata sampled in different ecosystems in Spain. Fungi were identified using morphological, as well as molecular methods based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and ribosomal DNA sequencing. Molecular data provided a framework for identification and assessing the phylogenetic position of isolates. One hun...

1. We demonstrate the potential of extracting high-resolution dietary information from stable carbon isotopes ( δ 13 C) in horse tail-hair, in response to short-term changes in diet in controlled feeding experiments. 2. Tail hairs were sampled from six horses that had been equilibrated to C3 forage and were then subjected to a series of short-term diet switches to the C4 Coastal Bermuda Grass (...