This article combines all available data to produce pretax and post-tax income inequality series in 26 European countries from 1980 2017. Our estimates are consistent with macroeconomic growth comparable US distributional national accounts. Inequality grew nearly countries, but much less than the US. Contrary a widespread view, we demonstrate that Europe’s lower levels cannot be explained by mo...

Background Individual response to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in patients with metastatic melanoma varies from 10–40% for monotherapy and 50–60% combination therapy [1]. Identification of adjuncts ICI further bridge treatment cure is imperative. We focus on caloric restriction (CR) as an adjunct anti-PD-1 given its inexpensive nature, relative ease application, increased tolerability com...

Four aspartic acids, distributed in different putative membrane-spanning segments of the NH2-terminal domain of melibiose (mel) permease (D31 in helix I, D51 and D55 in helix II, and D120 in helix IV) were individually replaced by either Asn or Cys using site-directed mutagenesis. mel permease with either neutral residues at position 51, 55, or 120 or permease with a Cys in place of D31 does no...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of exchange rate misalignment on inflation persistence. For this purpose, Vector Auto Regression method and Markov Switching model is used for quarterly data during 1989:4 -2014:3. The results show that, the impact of liquidity growth and exchange rate misalignment on inflation persistence is positive. On the other hand, GDP growth has a ne...

high inflation has been as one of the characteristics of developing countries including iran and its economic and social impacts are extensive. compiling policies for economic development requires that inflation impacts on different social classes should be studied carefully. microeconomic analyses show that because of higher increase in price of goods that have higher share in consumption bund...

The aim of this paper was to synthesize and characterize microbial chitosan thin films for potential piezoelectric application. Microbial derived from the Aspergillus oryzae fungus via extraction deacetylation. Chitosan film characterized its surface morphology, chemical properties, tensile strength, topography. For application as a material, characteristics were presented in terms electromecha...