We empirically estimated the effect of three types of investment in acquiring technological knowledge (in-house R&D, importing foreign technology and purchasing domestic technology) on the innovation output of Chinese firms in four hi-tech industries. These investments on technology are assumed to generate different types of knowledge, which in turn contribute to the enhancement of the technolo...

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of technology transfer through the imports of intermediate goods by developing countries developed countries with the emphasis on Iran economy. For this purpose, we used multi-sectoral and multi–regional computable general equilibrium GTAP model (multi-sectoral and multi-regional CGE model). The paper examined the effect of a ten pe...

While existing literature assumes that the human capital intensity of professional services leads to small and flimsy firms, several professional services feature large, long-lived firms. To develop insights about firm size and industry structure in human capital intensive industries, I analyze the structure and evolution of the advertising industry. Drawing on a range of quantitative and quali...

I analyze the welfare implications of protecting intellectual property rights (IPRs) in developing countries through its impact on innovation, market structure, and technology transfer. FDI, tariffs, and cooperation are introduced to the strategic IPR literature. In a North-South framework, the Southern government sets the IPR policy strategically by anticipating the Northern firm’s decision on...

Product cycle theory has developed countries inventing goods and developing countries copying them. Once copying takes place, developed countries abandon the market – either outright, or through vertical differentiation – because of developing country cost advantages. Matching US imports and exports at the product level, I find evidence of both reactions – moving up and moving out – across manu...

this paper explores the leverage determinants across firms’ sizesbased on the two main theories behind the capital structure, the trade-offand the pecking order theories. a panel data is sued to find therelationship between capital structure and the variables that proxy forbenefits and costs of debt during 1990 to 2006. our findings show thatboth principles help to explain the capital structure...

T study extends existing information technology (IT) productivity research by evaluating the contributions of spending in IT outsourcing using a production function framework and an economywide panel data set from 60 industries in the United States over the period from 1998 to 2006. Our results demonstrate that IT outsourcing has made a positive and economically meaningful contribution to indus...

Research and development (R&D) depreciation rates are critical to calculating the rates of return to R&D investments and capital service costs, both of which are important for capitalizing R&D investments in the national income and product accounts. Although important, measuring R&D depreciation rates is extremely difficult because both the price and output of R&D capital are generally unobserv...