Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted, chronic, systemic infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. If left untreated, the disease progresses though 4 stages, with the potential to cause significant morbidity to any major organ of the body. Common syphilitic ocular manifestations, including anterior, intermediate and posterior uveitis, chorioretinitis, retinitis, retinal ...

Dear Editor, Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an ischemic retinopathy of premature and low birth weight infants. According to the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ETROP) study, 68% of infants with birth weight less than 1,251 grams developed ROP of any degree. 1 ROP is a potentially blinding disorder and approximately 300 children per million live births have at least one eye ...

Aspartate kinase (AK) and homoserine dehydrogenase (HSDH) are enzymes in the aspartate-derived amino acid biosynthetic pathway. Recent biochemical evidence indicates that an AK-HSDH bifunctional enzyme exists in maize (Zea mays 1.). In this report, we characterize three genes that encode subunits of AK-HSDH. Two cDNAs, pAKHSDHl and pAKHSDH2, containing the fullcoding sequence, and one partial c...

CASE REPORT A 46-year-old man with a 60-packyear smoking history, dyslipidemia, and migraine without aura had a cervical lateral acceleration/deceleration injury due to a motor vehicle accident while driving his car. No neurologic deficits were noticed within the next days. Ten days later, his right eye became gradually red, with ipsilateral lacrimation and ocular pain. Ophthalmoscopic examinat...

Aims—To determine the relation between pH of anaesthetic solutions and patient perception of pain with peribulbar injection of local anaesthesia. Methods—This prospective randomised controlled double blind pilot study involved 60 consecutive patients who received a peribulbar block with either a standard acidic local anaesthetic of 5 ml 2% lignocaine and 5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (solution A), o...

A 12-year-old male Negro was admitted for cryotherapy to both eyes for lattice degeneration. The patient had developed secondary glaucoma followed by optic atrophy in the left eye after a hyphema resulting from an injury. Examination before operation revealed no abnormality except for a systolic murmur. His haemoglobin concentration was 12.3 g/100 ml and the haematocrit was 36.2%. On the day be...

To cite: Panda AK. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2013010285 DESCRIPTION A 9-year-old girl presented with one episode of focal short lasting nocturnal seizure without impaired consciousness involving right lower limb that persisted for 1 min. This event was neglected by the patient and brought attention on retrospective analysis. There was no hist...

To cite: Talarczyk P, Kanodia AK, Ironside J, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2015211262 DESCRIPTION Meningiomas are divided, by the WHO, into three groups: benign (grade I), atypical (grade II) and malignant (grade III). Although some overlapping features can occur, atypical meningiomas are more likely to exhibit heterogeneous density or in...

Aims—To develop a more reproducible method of macular volumetric analysis in order to facilitate serial monitoring of changes in retinal oedema with time. Methods—The Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT) machine was used to scan the macula of 20 normal subjects and 40 diabetics with macular oedema. The volume above reference plane (VARP) within a 2 mm diameter and 3 mm diameter circle was measur...

Acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) is a rare, distinct subtype of esotropia. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical characteristics and discuss the classification and etiology of AACE. Charts from 47 patients with AACE referred to our institute between October 2010 and November 2014 were reviewed. All participants underwent a complete medical history, opht...