Although comprising an important class of compounds with applications in many fields like medicine, pharmacology, and engineering, cyanine dyes carrying quinoline moieties have been less analyzed reviewed the past. Read more about history compounds, various synthetic routes to prepare quinolinium salts symmetrical asymmetrical mono-, di-, tri-, penta- heptamethine their as photosensitizers, pro...

Expression analysis for the quantitative gene expression of many genes can be performed using either oneor two-colour fluorescent schemes. One-colour analysis is primarily used for arrays prepared by photolithography. Affymetrix ( http://www.affymetrix.com ) patented this process under the trade name GeneChipTM (Fodor, S.P.A. et al., 1995 ).In this method, expression profiles for each sample ar...

A symmetrical cyanine dye chromophore is modified with different counteranions to study the effect on crystal packing, polarizability, thermal stability, optical properties, light absorbing layer morphology, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) device parameters. Four sulfonate-based anions and the bulky bistriflylimide anion are introduced to the 2-[5-(1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)...

The era of molecular medicine has ushered in the development of microscopic methods that can report molecular processes in thick tissues with high spatial resolution. A commonality in deep-tissue microscopy is the use of near-infrared (NIR) lasers with single- or multiphoton excitations. However, the relationship between different NIR excitation microscopic techniques and the imaging depths in ...

The longest-wavelength π-to-π* electronic excitations of rhodamine-like dyes (RDs) with different group 16 heteroatoms (O, S, Se, Te) have been investigated. Time-dependent Kohn-Sham theory (TDKST) calculations were compared with coupled-cluster (CC) and equations-of-motion (EOM) CC results for π-to-π* singlet and triplet excitations. The RDs exhibit characteristics in the TDKST calculations th...

Selected developments and trends in stains, labels and strategies for detecting and measuring nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and related molecules [e.g. oligo(deoxy)nucleotides, nucleic acid fragments and polymerase chain reaction products] are surveyed based on the literature in the final decade of the 20th century (1991-2000). During this period, important families of cyanine dyes were developed fo...

Differential protein expression analysis based on modification of selected amino acids with labelling reagents has become the major method of choice for quantitative proteomics. One such methodology, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE), uses a matched set of fluorescent N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) ester cyanine dyes to label lysine residues in different samples which can b...

Malachite green (MG) is a fluorogenic dye that shows fluorescence enhancement upon binding to its engineered cognate protein, a fluorogen activating protein (FAP). Energy transfer donors such as cyanine and rhodamine dyes have been conjugated with MG to modify the spectral properties of the fluorescent complexes, where the donor dyes transfer energy through Förster resonance energy transfer to ...

Quaternary 2-thiomethylbenzazoles are important class of intermediates involved in the synthesis of symmetric and asymmetric monomethine cyanine dyes. In addition to, 2methylmercaptobenzothiazole, and 2methylmercaptobenzoxazole derivatives represent an essential group of compounds for the synthesis of cyanine dyes [1–3]. S-Alkylated heterocyclic derivatives are known as key compounds, finding a...

Current molecular cryptography (MoCryp) systems are almost exclusively based on DNA chemistry and reports of cryptography technologies based on other less complex chemical systems are lacking. We describe herein, as proof of concept, the prototype of the first asymmetric MoCryp system, based on an 8-compound set of a novel bioinspired class of cyanine-type dyes called trichocyanines. These nove...