Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are desmoplastic and hypoxic, both of which are associated with poor prognosis. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) are specifically activated in hypoxic environments to release cytotoxic or cytostatic effectors. TH-302 is a HAP that is currently being evaluated in a Phase III clinical trial in pancreatic cancer. Using animal models, we show that tumor hypoxia ca...

Pharmacy cost data from the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) Clinical Database for specific diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) were reviewed to assess their applicability to a university medical center and to identify opportunities to reduce costs. UHC headquarters was contacted by telephone to determine UHC's data collection methods. Pharmacy costs for DRG 302 (kidney transplant) at the U...

Global demethylation is required for early zygote development to establish stem cell pluripotency, yet our findings reiterate this epigenetic reprogramming event in somatic cells through ectopic introduction of mir-302 function. Here, we report that induced mir-302 expression beyond 1.3-fold of the concentration in human embryonic stem (hES) H1 and H9 cells led to reprogramming of human hair fo...

BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of systematic reviews evaluating the diagnostic test accuracy of technologies are being published. Currently, review teams tend to apply conventional systematic review standards to identify relevant studies for inclusion, for example sensitive searches of multiple bibliographic databases. There has been little evaluation of the efficiency of searching only one or t...

Calcium signaling is an important mediator of neuropeptide-stimulated fluid transport by Drosophila Malpighian (renal) tubules. We demonstrate the first epithelial role, in vivo, for members of the TRP family of calcium channels. RT-PCR revealed expression of trp, trpl, and trpgamma in tubules. Use of antipeptide polyclonal antibodies for TRP, TRPL, and TRPgamma showed expression of all three c...

MicroRNAs are important gene regulators involved in many biological processes, including stemness maintenance and cellular reprogramming. Current methods used in loss-of-function studies of microRNAs mainly include locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides and miRZip inhibitors, which have several limitations. Due to their unique gene structures and small sizes, there is no efficient or simple...

We tested the hypotheses that hypoxic stimulation enhances growth potentials of canine lymphoma cells by activating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and that the hypoxia-activated prodrug (TH-302) inhibits growth potentials in the cells. We investigated how hypoxic culture affects the growth rate, chemoresistance, and invasiveness of canine lymphoma cells and doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant ly...

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