Th1 and Th2 effector CD4+ T cells orchestrate distinct counterregulatory biological responses. To deliver effective tissue Th1- and Th2-type responses, Th1 and Th2 cell recruitment into tissue must be differentially regulated. We show that tissue-derived STAT1 controls the trafficking of adoptively transferred, Ag-specific, wild-type Th1 cells into the lung. Trafficking of Th1 and Th2 cells is ...

In this study, we identified potential serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) and screening for latent TB infections (LTBIs). Peripheral blood samples from 40 healthy individuals, 40 patients with TB, and 40 LTBI individuals were stimulated with the TB-specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Human inflammatory cytokine arrays were used to detect the expression of inflammato...

Chemokines have been found to exert direct, defensin-like antimicrobial activity in vitro, suggesting that, in addition to orchestrating cellular accumulation and activation, chemokines may contribute directly to the innate host response against infection. No observations have been made, however, demonstrating direct chemokine-mediated promotion of host defense in vivo. Here, we show that the m...

Recent reports highlighted the chemotactic activities of antimicrobial peptide defensins whose structure, charge, and size resemble chemokines. By assaying representative members of the four known families of chemokines we explored the obverse: whether some chemokines exert antimicrobial activity. In a radial diffusion assay, only recombinant monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG/CXCL9), IFN-gamma...

Chemokines play a key role in the regulation of cell trafficking during immune responses. In pollen-allergic individuals, the roles of chemokines have been predominantly studied during active allergic reactions. However, little is known about chemokine levels and their effect on immune responses out of the pollen season when atopic individuals do not show clinical symptoms of allergy. Therefore...

INTRODUCTION Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common cancer originating from the nasopharynx. OBJECTIVE To study the mechanisms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we analyzed GSE12452 microarray data. METHODS GSE12452 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and included 31 nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples and 10 normal nasopharyngeal tissue samples. The differentially express...

Bovine tuberculosis (bTb) remains a major and economically important disease of livestock. Improved ante-mortem diagnostic tools would help to underpin novel control strategies. The definition of biomarkers correlating with disease progression could have impact on the rational design of novel diagnostic approaches for bTb. We have used a murine bTb model to identify promising candidates in the ...

We found that a monokine induced by interferon-gamma (Mig, CXCL9), which belongs to the CXC chemokine subfamily, acts as a neurotrophic factor on PC12 cells and rat primary sympathetic neurons. PC12 cells were shown to express a single class of high affinity binding sites for Mig (670 receptors/cell, Kd = 2.9 nm). Mig induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compariso...

Abstract Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), an autoimmune-like following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation where T cells can attack host tissue. Oral mucosa (OM) is a most common cGVHD effector site in the oral cavity. We studied populations and tissue-specific signals that regulate their differentiation functionality. Patient OM biopsies from ongoing clinical trials (N...

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Immunotherapy for GBM has resulted in limited benefits to overall survival due the targeting of antigens and hostile TME. Our group developed a patented vaccine platform that combines an mRNA-nanoparticle with CXCL9 loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel. The HCM is given SQ recruits diverse immune cell population deliver large payload mRNA. objective these studies was...