Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the survival of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.1 With increased life expectancy, HIV-infected patients increasingly are experiencing complications of illnesses that are not directly related to HIV infection.2 Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States,3 recently has been recognized as ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The clinical epidemiology of CVD in CKD is challenging due to a prior lack of standardized defi nitions of CKD, inconsistent measures of renal function, and possible alternative effects of ‘traditional’ CVD risk factors in patients with CKD. These chal...

Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), only a small proportion is currently diagnosed. To explore and identify the differentially expressed proteins/peptides of OSA patients with CVDs, a mass spectrometry-based salivary analysis was performed. In our study, eleven peaks were observed differentially expressed in saliva from th...

Although the mortality of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) has been steadily declined in the European Union (EU), CVD remains among the major causes of death in EU. As risk factors such asobesity and diabetes mellitus are increasing, the trends of European CVD mortality remains unknown. To understand the variation in CVD mortality of different EU countries, we studied the trends in CVD mortality i...

In this systematic review, the authors aimed to assess the effectiveness of community programs for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). They searched numerous electronic databases (CDSR, DARE, HTA, EED, and CENTRAL via the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In Process, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, HMIC, and ASSIA) and relevant Web sites from January 1970 to mid-July 2008. Controlled studies...

The present study was to compare the association between ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and clinic BP (CBP) with prevalent cardiovascular diseases (CVD); and the underlying mechanism would also be investigated concurrently.Diabetic hypertensive patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups based on presence of CVD. Twenty-four hour-ABP monitoring was performed and between-group differences ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether or not relative lymphocyte count (RLC) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this study, 141 patients diagnosed with OSAS using polysomnography were enrolled. Patients were classified according to the severity of OSAS as determined by the apnea-h...

BACKGROUND There is little evidence to inform the targeted treatment of individuals found early in the diabetes disease trajectory. AIM To describe cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles and treatment of individual CVD risk factors by modelled CVD risk at diagnosis; changes in treatment, modelled CVD risk, and CVD risk factors in the 5 years following diagnosis; and how these are patterne...