The marketing, economics, and operations management literatures have recognized many ways in which a firm can price discriminate. The question of how to price discriminate (e.g. how to price a product line) has received considerable attention but most of this work has assumed that price discrimination is optimal. However, the question of whether to price discriminate is also important as firms ...

Above a certain level of cerebral activation the brain increases its uptake of glucose more than that of O(2), i.e., the cerebral metabolic ratio of O(2)/(glucose + 12 lactate) decreases. This study quantified such surplus brain uptake of carbohydrate relative to O(2) in eight healthy males who performed exhaustive exercise. The arterial-venous differences over the brain for O(2), glucose, and ...

The effect of policy measures on agriculture and water quality with respect to nitrogen have been monitored on farms in the sandy regions since the early 1990s. Nitrogen surplus on dairy farms decreased by 100 kg/ha (30%) in the 1991-1999 period due to demonstration projects and the implementation of MINAS, limiting farm gate balance surplus. Nitrogen surplus on arable farms has slightly decrea...

OBJECTIVES The amount of medical utilization by Medical Aid recipients was 3.7 times that of patients with Korean Medical Insurance. This study aims to describe the surplus medicine and the medication-related utilization, and to determine factors contributing to surplus medicine. METHODS Among those who used copayment-free Class I Medical Aid in 2005, 146,880 subjects who were >/=19 year-old ...

today, organizations continuously try to find the ways to gain loyal customers because of their advantages. customer to customer interactions has attracted more attention among marketers in which customer-to-customer interactions has been known as one of the most important methods of creating loyal customers. the present paper seeks to propose a service model developed in traveling and tourism ...

In busy metropolitan areas, traffic restrictions based on the last digits of license plates effectively ease jams and improve air quality. Recently, policy-makers in China exempted battery electric vehicles (BEV) from to promote their diffusion place conventional (CV). To examine impacts such an exemption consumers manufacturers as well environment, this study models duopoly competition between...

The literature on treatment effects focuses on gross benefits from program participation. We extend this literature by developing conditions under which it is possible to identify parameters measuring the cost and net surplus from program participation. Using the generalized Roy model, we nonparametrically identify the cost, benefit, and net surplus of selection into treatment without requiring...

Customers are savvier and more demanding than ever. Competition is increasing and competitive advantage is fleeting. Once-strong relationships have weakened, customers faced with an exploding array of choices, are easily swayed by competitive offerings at lower prices. How can you possibly stay ahead of this juggernaut? The answer lies in a clear and concise customer strategy, led by a Chief Cu...

A number of recent marketing studies examine the stock market's response to the release of American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) scores. The broad purpose of these studies is to investigate the stock market's valuation of customer satisfaction. However, a key focus is on whether customer satisfaction information predicts long-run returns. We provide evidence on the market's pricing of ACS...

A risk-averse insurance company controls its reserve, modeled as a perturbed Cramér-Lundberg process, by choice of both the premium p and deductible K offered to potential customers. The surplus is allocated financial investment in riskless basket risky assets potentially correlating with risks thus serving partial hedge against these. Assuming customers differ riskiness, increasing or reduces ...