Pneumocephalus following Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is an exceptionally rare entity. We report such event after an attempt of ventricular puncture (ventriculostomy) for VP shunt and then discuss the management of the same. The dry tap can lead to multiple attempts for ventriculostomy with added risk of complications. It can add dilemma as to what the subsequent management would be.There is...

The programmable CSF shunt valve has become an important tool in hydrocephalus treatment, particularly in the NPH population and in pediatric patients with complex hydrocephalus. The purpose of this study is to provide a single reference for the identification of programmable shunt valves and the interpretation of programmable shunt valve settings. Four major manufacturers of programmable shunt...

A 29-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of headache, dizziness and nausea. There was a history of spina bifida and placement of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt in early childhood. One month prior to the current admission there was replacement of a VP shunt with a new system because of a mechanical malfunction. At that time there were no clinical signs of infection and c...

Background. Subdural collections of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with associated hydrocephalus have been described by several different and sometimes inaccurate terms. It has been proposed that a subdural effusion with hydrocephalus (SDEH) can be treated effectively with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (V-P shunt). In this study, we present our experience treating patients with SDEH without directly ...

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement that diverts the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the peritoneal cavity is the most common method of treatment of hydrocephalus. This shunt has a high incidence of malfunction mainly due to catheter obstruction or infection. About 20% of these complications are abdominal that may occur at any time after shunt placement from 1 week to several years. This s...

A 63-year-old man who underwent insertion of a lumboperitoneal shunt developed gait disturbance. He had undergone surgery for gastric cancer 7 years and for ileus 5 years previously. Head computed tomography (CT) revealed enlargement of the ventricles. Abdominal CT revealed a cyst in the abdominal region and the distal segment of the peritoneal shunt tube located within the cyst. Laparotomy rev...

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a syndrome characterized by the triad of gait disturbance, mental deterioration and urinary incontinence, associated with ventriculomegaly and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. The clinical presentation (triad) may be atypical or incomplete, or mimicked by other diseases, hence the need for supplementary tests, particularly to predict postsurgical...

A 52-year-old man without underlying diseases visited a local hospital with symptoms of memory deficit and mild headache. Radiological examination of the brain with computed tomography (CT) revealed hydrocephalus. Etiology was not revealed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and a ventricular-atrial (V-A) shunt was installed. The patient had congestion and dacryorrhea of the right eye and uve...