A complex, disorder-free structure in the space group P1 has been established for L-tryptophan, for which no crystal structure has previously been available. The 16 molecules in the asymmetric unit can be divided into two groups of eight; one where the side chains have gauche orientations and one with trans orientations. Molecules within each group have almost identical molecular geometries. Th...

In the title mol-ecule, C(12)H(8)F(3)NO(3), the trifluoro-methyl group is rotationally disordered over three orientations in a 0.5:0.3:0.2 ratio. In the crystal, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules related by translation into chains along the c axis. The crystal packing exhibits π-π inter-actions between the pyran rings of neighboring mol-ecules [centroid-centroid distance = 3.462 (4) Å] a...

In the title compound, C(7)H(10)Cl(2)O(2), the seven-membered ring displays a chair conformation. In the crystal, the hy-droxy H atom is equally disordered over two orientations, and links with an adjacent mol-ecule via an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond in both cases. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is also a feature of the crystal structure.

Simulations from a family of atomistic structural models for unhydrogenated amorphous silicon suggest that fluctuation electron microscopy experiments have observed orientational order of paracrystalline grains in amorphous silicon. This order may consist of correlations in the orientation of nearby paracrystalline grains or anisotropy in the grain shape. This observation makes a natural connec...

Monte Carlo computer simulation has been used to interpret and model observed single-crystal diffuse X-ray scattering data for pentachloronitrobenzene, C(6)Cl(5)NO(2). Each site in the crystal contains a molecule in one of six different basic orientations with equal probability. However, no short-range order amongst these different orientations has been detected. The strong, detailed and very d...

Article history: Received 11 December 2015 Received in revised form 4 May 2016 Accepted 11 May 2016 Available online 24 May 2016 Epitaxial LiCoO2 (LCO) thin films of different orientations were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in order to model single-crystal behavior of intercalation cathodes during electrochemical reactions. This paper demonstrates that (1) epitaxial growth of LCO ...

We used dynamic dense noise stimuli and local spectral reverse correlation methods to reveal the local sensitivities of neurons in visual area 2 (V2) of macaque monkeys to orientation and spatial frequency within their receptive fields. This minimized the potentially confounding assumptions that are inherent in stimulus selections. The majority of neurons exhibited a relatively high degree of h...

We present a model based on k · p theory which is able to capture the subband structure effects present in ultra-thin strained silicon nanowires. For electrons, the effective mass and valley minima are calculated for different crystal orientations, thicknesses, and strains. The actual enhancement of the transport properties depends highly on the crystal orientation of the nanowire axis; for cer...

Orientation selectivity of neurons in the primary visual cortex is thought to be an important requisite for the preprocessing of visual information, which is followed by more complex information processing and representation in the extrastriate cortex for visual perception. It is widely accepted that neurons in the primary visual cortex optimally responding to similar stimulus orientations are ...

The flow of obsidian lava leads to crystal alignments that reflect both the accumulated strain and the type of flow across the surface. Microlite preferred orientations are used to investigate the emplacement dynamics, strain history, and structural evolution of Obsidian Dome, eastern California. Measurements of three-dimensional microlite trend and plunge in samples from the near-vent region, ...