Temporal and spatial variations of leaf traits caused conflicting conclusions and great estimating errors of total carbon budget on crown scales. However, there is no effective method to quantitatively describe and study heterogeneous patterns of crowns yet. In this study, dynamic spatial patterns of typical ecological factors on crown scales were investigated during two sky conditions, and CEZ...

The synthesis and NOE-based structural characterization is described of thiacalix[4]arene tricarboxylic acid (7), thiacalix[4]crown-5 and -6 monocarboxylic acids (2 and 5), and the bis(N-methylsulfonyl)thiacalix[4]crowns-5 and -6 (4a,b). The 226Ra2+ selectivity coefficients, log(K(Ra)ex/K(M)ex), of the new thiacalix[4]arene derivatives are compared directly with those of thiacalix[4]crown-5 and...

The feasibility of fabricating copper-sensitive chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) for trace analysis in aqueous and in 40% (v/v) ethanol-water media was investigated. Carbon paste electrodes modified with crown ethers were constructed by mixing the crown ethers into a graphite powder-paraffin oil matrix. The electrodes so formed were able to bind Cu(II) ions chemically and gave better volta...

Crown structure is a key variable influencing stand productivity, but its reported response to various stand factors has varied. This can be partially attributed to lack of a unified study on crown response to intensive management or stand health. In this analysis of several coastal Douglasfir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) branch datasets, a significant treatment effect ...

Photochemistry, Fluorescence, Crown Ethers, Biology The complexing of thallous ions (T1+), with the crown ether dibenzo 18 crown-6 polyether (DB) has been studied by NMR, fluorescence, and pulse radiolysis techniques. NMR data show a strong interaction of the T1+ ions with the aromatic moieties. This is also illustrated by a static quenching of the aromatic fluorescence by Tl+. The rates of rea...

Figure 1. Crown-of-thorns starfish and their legacy. (A) A group of crown-of-thorns starfish converge on the remaining small piece of living coral tissue (lc) on the surface of a tabular coral (Acropora sp.) The other coral tissue has just been consumed by the starfish so that only the white skeleton remains (cs). (B) After crown-of-thorns starfish have removed the living coral tissue, the expo...

Crown reattachment is the most conservative treatment which can be used to restore fractured tooth, presumably with sufficient strength, while maintaining original contour, incisal translucency, and reducing chair time and cost.However, in case of crown fracture with pin-point pulp exposure, we should cautiously minimize the irritation to the pulp and consider pre-treatment pulpal status, choic...

Complicated crown-root fractures are rare and often need complex treatment planning. This case report describes the management of an oblique crown-root fracture of maxillary right central incisor. Endodontic treatment of the tooth was performed and the tooth was provisionally restored. The tooth was then orthodontically extruded by 2 mm to raise the defect supraginigivally. Gingivectomy was per...

The purpose of this case report is to describe a step-by-step method of restoring function (and esthetics) to infraoccluded second primary molars using a crown-form crown, in a case of bilateral congenital missing premolars. This technique restores form and function, with a minimal reduction to the tooth. It also conserves tooth material and permits good bonding of the resin-based composite to ...

On heating the hydrated complexes 18-Crown[6].M[H(2)PO(4)].xH(2)O (x= 2 for M = K, Rb; x= 1.5 for M = Cs), quantitatively prepared by mechanical mixing of crystalline 18-Crown[6] and M[H(2)PO(4)], to ca. 60 degrees C, water loss takes place, accompanied by the extrusion of the crown ether from the crystalline complex and followed by reconstruction of the inorganic phase M[H(2)PO(4)](M = K, Rb, ...