Macromolecular crowding plays a significant role in the solubility and stability of biomacromolecules. In this work, the thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) has been employed as a model system to study the specific ion effects on the solubility of macromolecules in crowded environments of dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Our study demonstrates that crowding agents can in...

Macromolecular crowding within the cell can impact both protein folding and binding. Earlier models of cellular crowding focused on the excluded volume, entropic effect of crowding agents, which generally favors compact protein states. Recently, other effects of crowding have been explored, including enthalpically-related crowder-protein interactions and changes in solvation properties. In this...

OBJECTIVE Individuals with dental crowding are the most frequent patients in the orthodontic practice.The purpose of this article is to find out if the lower third molars are the main reason of crowding in the lower dental arch. As well to find out other factors which can influence the lower incisors crowding. METHODS The aim was to identify studies and reviews related to the effect of the lo...

The effects of molecular crowding on the enzymatic conformational dynamics and transport properties of adenylate kinase are investigated. This tridomain protein undergoes large scale hinge motions in the course of its enzymatic cycle and serves as prototype for the study of crowding effects on the cyclic conformational dynamics of proteins. The study is carried out at a mesoscopic level where b...

Ninety-six adults participated in a study of the joint effects of interpersonal density and an additional stressor. Experiential reports, psychophysiological indices, and task performance were assessed. Subjects seated either close together or far apart worked on a series of tasks while either expecting a stressful event or not expecting the stressful event. Perceptions of crowding were influen...

Using a firm-bank panel of more than 1m German firms over 2010-2016, we document that local public bank lending to municipalities crowds out private investment. Our results show how crowding-out can happen in developed economy characterized by low interest rates and fiscal austerity. mechanism relies on two structural features Germany’s banking landscape: First, the geographical segmentation cr...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of emergency department (ED) crowding on the implementation of tasks in the early resuscitation bundle during acute care of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, as recommended by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. METHODS We analyzed the sepsis registry from August 2008 to March 2012 for patients presenting to an ED...