Mechanical stimulation by the extracellular matrix (ECM) controls physiological and pathological cellular responses, such as stem cell differentiation, organogenesis, tumor progression. Polyacrylamide (PA) gels have been widely used to study cell-ECM mechanical interactions. Typically, sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(4′-azido-2′-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate (sulfo-SANPAH) is a protein crosslinker in these g...

The 3D printing of polyesters is most commonly performed using polylactide filaments for material extrusion (formerly known as fused-deposition modelling) or by introducing methacrylate end-groups to polyesters, which can be polymerized a radical mechanism. However, cyclic esters also via cationic ring-opening photopolymerization, opens up the possibility high-resolution stereolithography metho...