The main realism/anti-realism issue in the philosophy of science is the issue of scientific realism, concerned with the unobservable entities of science. However, there is also a more general issue, often known as “realism about the external world,” concerned primarily with the observable entities of common sense, but which spreads to scientific entities, both observable and unobservable. The i...

abstract the traditional or liberal theory of contract always had encounter serious critics. the authors of this article have criticized this theory- based on new theory of unger (a pioneer in the critical legal studies movement) - and also have analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of that. this theory consists of a principle and a counter principle that include freedom of contract against the...

This article uses a case of oil and gas exploration as the starting point for methodological considerations in the study of sociomateriality. I argue a sociomaterial research continuum ranging from " hard " to " soft " sociomateriality depending on how the technology-human relationship is conceptualised in the literature. In the hard end, there can be no understanding of the one without the oth...

In a project designed to test how viewers evaluate and choose avatars to represent them online, viewers (N = 261) evaluated 92 potential avatars that varied along three dimensions – gender of the image, anthropomorphism (humanness), and realism (veridicality). Consistent with the predictions of information processing theory, results indicated that anthropomorphic qualities increased perceived r...

In one form of a contingency judgement task individuals must judge the relationship between an action and an outcome. There are reports that depressed individuals are more accurate than are non-depressed individuals in this task. In particular, nondepressed individuals are influenced by manipulations that affect the salience of the outcome, especially outcome probability. They overestimate a co...

Large-scale competitive P2P systems are threatened by the noncooperation problem, where peers do not forward queries to potential competitors. While non-cooperation is not a problem in current P2P free file-sharing systems, it is likely to be a problem in such P2P systems as pay-per-transaction file-sharing systems, P2P auctions, and P2P service discovery systems, where peers are in competition...