We studied the temporal coding properties of identified interneurons in the auditory system of crickets, using information theory as an analytical tool. The ascending neuron 1 (AN1), which is tuned to the dominant carrier frequency (CF) of cricket songs, selectively codes the limited range of amplitude modulation (AM) frequencies that occur in these signals. AN2, which is most sensitive to the ...

BACKGROUND Cricket, classified as noncontact game, has been shown to be associated with increased incidence of injury. Further the recent consensus update in cricket injury surveillance have updated the injury definitions which includes "Medical Attention" injuries. The purpose of this review was to systematically review the various case reports and studies reporting injuries in the game of cri...

The relationship between body size and vocalization parameters has been studied in many animal species. In insect species, however, the effect of body size on song frequency has remained unclear. Here we analyzed the effect of body size on the frequency spectra of mating songs produced by the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. We recorded the calling songs and courtship songs of male cri...

1. A new method is described for maintaining cricket Malpighian tubules in vitro. Warmed, oxygenated saline is circulated rapidly past the tubules, while the secreted urine is collected under oil for analysis. This technique allows the cricket tubules to be observed and manipulated for extended periods (6 h), in contrast to their short life (<1 h) using conventional methods. 2. Cricket tubules ...

Traditionally, the topic of compiler construction/language processing has been taught as a selective advanced course in Computer Science curricula, due to its rich content and subject complexity. However, under such an approach, students may opt not to take the course and graduate with little understanding and experience with the highly useful techniques embodied in modern compiler construction...

OBJECTIVE To describe the impact of shoulder injuries on professional cricketers during the 2005 England and Wales first class cricket season. DESIGN Professional cricketers in England were asked to complete two questionnaires relating to shoulder injuries. Players who returned both questionnaires were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The impact of any shoulder pain whilst ...

Cricket frogs are widely distributed across the eastern United States and two species, the northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans) and the southern cricket frog (A. gryllus) are currently recognized. We generated a phylogenetic hypothesis for Acris using fragments of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in separate and combined phylogenetic analyses. We also used distance methods and fixation indice...

Sensory systems process stimuli that greatly vary in intensity and complexity. To maintain efficient information transmission, neural systems need to adjust their properties to these different sensory contexts, yielding adaptive or stimulus-dependent codes. Here, we demonstrated adaptive spectrotemporal tuning in a small neural network, i.e. the peripheral auditory system of the cricket. We fou...

To reproduce, females of the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea detect and localise a calling male cricket upon which they deposit their endoparasitic larvae. Calling male crickets are therefore subject to both sexual and natural selection by simultaneously attracting mates and phonotactic parasitoids. The possible strategy of song interruption employed by the cricket host to reduce his attractivene...

The alignment, folding and packaging of cricket chromatin was examined during late spermiogenesis by an electron-microscope study of nuclei dispersed by air--liquid surface tension forces after detergent treatment. Late developing spermatid genomes arrange themselves in multiple packaging units in a stepwise process which includes: (1) a loss of the beaded repeating structure of chromatin as nu...