Global mean temperature is predicted to increase by 2–7 1C and precipitation to change across the globe by the end of this century. To quantify climate effects on ecosystem processes, a number of climate change experiments have been established around the world in various ecosystems. Despite these efforts, general responses of terrestrial ecosystems to changes in temperature and precipitation, ...

Abstract Context Forest restoration plays an important role in global efforts to slow biodiversity loss and mitigate climate change. Vegetation remnant forests can form striking patterns that relate ecological processes, but targets tend overlook spatial pattern. While observations of intact reference ecosystems help inform targets, field surveys are ill-equipped map quantify pattern at a range...

www.frontiersinecology.org © The Ecological Society of America F an airplane, we often look out the window and survey the landscape as we begin our final descent. As we get closer to the ground, our focus changes from an initial broad survey of the topography to an increasingly detailed picture of vegetation patterns. Perhaps the first thing we notice is the extent to which the land is covered ...

Anthropogenic changes in land use and the extirpation of apex predators have facilitated explosive growth of mesopredator populations. Consequently, many species have been subjected to extensive control throughout portions of their range due to their integral role as generalist predators and reservoirs of zoonotic disease. Yet, few studies have monitored the effects of landscape composition or ...

In this article, the issue of attitude control and active vibration suppression of a nonlinear flexible spacecraft is assessed through piezoelectric patches as actuator and sensors. Two controller loops are applied: the inner loop, to make the panel vibration damped through piezoelectric patches; and the outer loop, to perform spacecraft maneuver using the reaction wheel acting on the hub. An o...

tehran city has been subject of critical environmental challenges during the course of 20th. century namely: massive population growth, broad expansion, reduction in urban open/green spaces, increasing in energy consumption and waste production. releasing industrial wastewater into river valleys have led to considerable changes in structure of city's natural landscape. the natural structur...