BACKGROUND Integrating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in secondary schools will increase the number of potential CPR providers. However, currently too few certified instructors are available for this purpose. Training medical students and physical education student teachers to become CPR instructors could decrease this shortage. AIM Examine whether medical students and physical ...

BACKGROUND Immediate start of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation have been highlighted as crucial for survival from cardiac arrest, but despite new knowledge, new technology and massive personnel training the survival rates from in-hospital cardiac arrest are still low. National guidelines recommend regular intervals of CPR training to make all hospital personnel...

PURPOSE Children requiring prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after traumatic injury have been shown to have poor survival. However, outcome of children still receiving CPR on-arrival by emergency medical service to the emergency department (ED) has not been demonstrated in a published clinical series. METHODS An 11-year retrospective analysis from a level I pediatric trauma cent...

OBJECTIVE Untrained bystanders usually delivered suboptimal chest compression to victims who suffered from cardiac arrest in out-of-hospital settings. We therefore investigated the hemodynamics and resuscitation outcome of initial suboptimal quality of chest compressions compared to the optimal ones in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. METHODS Fourteen Yorkshire pigs weighted 30 ± 2 kg were ...

BACKGROUND Early defibrillation is considered the most important factor for restoring spontaneous circulation in cardiac arrest patients with ventricular fibrillation. Recent studies have shown that, after prolonged ventricular fibrillation, the rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival are improved if defibrillation is delayed so that CPR can be given first. To examine whe...

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival. In settings with prolonged ambulance response times, skilled bystanders may be even more crucial. In 2010, American Heart Association (AHA) and European Resuscitation Council (ERC) introduced compression-only CPR as an alternative to conventional bystander CPR under some circumstances. The pur...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to assess the effects of a modified cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique that consists of both active compression and active decompression of the chest (ACD CPR) versus standard CPR (STD CPR) on myocardial and cerebral blood flow during ventricular fibrillation both before and after epinephrine administration. METHODS AND RESULTS During a 30-second ...

A genetic mouse model (designated cardiomyocyte-Cpr-null) with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the cytochrome P450 (P450) reductase (Cpr) gene was generated in this study. CPR protein levels, as well the enzyme activity of P450s, were greatly reduced in heart microsomes from the null mice compared with wild-type mice, whereas CPR expression in other organs remained unchanged. Nonetheless, ho...

The conjunctival oxygen tension (CjO2) sensor is a non-invasive, continuous index of oxygen delivery in the haemodynamically unstable patient. Human and animal studies have indicated that CjO2 reflects cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. Simple insertion, rapid stabilization and reaction time less than 60 s allow use in the initial stages of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) where invasive m...

BACKGROUND Sustained compression is recommended to maximize myocardial and cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in adults and children. We compared myocardial and cerebral perfusion during CPR in three groups of 2-week-old anesthetized swine using compression rates and duty cycles (duration of compression/total cycle time) of 100 per minute, 60%; 100 per minute, 30%; a...