1616 Standard economic theory tells us that the demand for children is influenced by the cost of raising children. Holding other things constant, a decrease in the cost of raising children should lead to an increase in the demand for children. As shown in Figure 1, the average value of the US child tax subsidy adjusted for inflation has increased from under $850 in 1980 to more than $2,000 in 2...

Eighty crossbred, virgin, yearling beef bulls were subjected to three serving capacity (SC) tests. Ten low SC (LSC) and 10 high SC (HSC) bulls similar in weight (avg wt = 452 kg), testicular size and seminal traits but differing in average services were selected. Objectives were to evaluate the mating behavior and fertility of LSC and HSC bulls at pasture when exposed to an average and a heavy ...

Antimicrobials are used in animal agriculture to cure bacterial infectious diseases. However, antimicrobial use (AMU) inevitably leads to the selection of resistant bacteria, potentially infecting humans. As a global public threat, antimicrobial resistance has led policy makers to implement regulations supervising AMU. The objective of our research was to investigate the farm impact of several ...

Several studies have demonstrated that the intensity of estrous expression is associated with ovulation, ovarian and uterine function, fertility, dependent on social hierarchy housing system used. Data from recent involving spontaneous induced estrus shown a greater relative increase longer (captured by different automated activity monitors; AAM) are both improved pregnancy per artificial insem...

Decision methods affecting genetic composition of a herd become more practical as the objective function summarizes outputs at higher levels of organization. Incorporation of util i ty concepts beyond those strictly economic would lead also to practical decision methods by satisfying a spectrum of value considerations. Utility should include economic value and risk philosophy. Measurements of t...

The production and profit impacts of recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rbST) on select New York dairy farms were estimated using data over the years 1994 through 2004, by comparing matching farms which use and do not use rbST. The use of rbST increases milk production per cow and decreases the cost of production per hundredweight of milk. The cost penalty (cost reduction) is $0.39 per hundredwei...