Let X = {x1, ..., xn} be a set, and let P = {P1, ..., Pm} be a set of subsets of X. The goal is to find the smallest sub-collection of sets R ⊆ P whose union covers all of X. More concretely, we can say that each xi, 1 ≤ i ≤ n represents a “skill”, and each Pj, 1 ≤ j ≤ m represents a “person”. In this case, xi ∈ Pj if person Pj has the skill xi. Then, as an employer, the goal is to find the min...

The front cover shows ABB serving the cement manufacturing industry, which it has done since 1961 with turnkey installations, electrical equipment and automation systems. In 1990, ABB recognised the MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) business area as a natural extension to its technology portfolio. Since then, ABB has provided added value solutions that are independent from the installed pro...

A model-based approach for minimization of test sets for human-computer interactions is introduced. Test cases are efficiently generated and selected to cover the behavioral model of the system under test (SUT) and its fault model that is constructed by complementing the original model. Results known from statebased conformance testing and graph theory are used and extended to construct algorit...

We discuss how specification coverage and fault coverage based test derivation strategies can be combined. In particular, the problem of deriving a test suffix, which raises tester confidence in the configuration of the system, reached after a test derived by a specification coverage criterion, is formalized and solved in the CEFSM setting. The traditional mutant-based test derivation approach ...

A model-based approach for minimization of test sets for interactive systems is introduced. Test cases are efficiently generated and selected to cover the behavioral model and the complementary fault model of the system under test (SUT). Results known from state-based conformance testing and graph theory are used and extended to construct algorithms for minimizing the test sets, considering als...