Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying adverse birth outcomes following prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke remain unknown due, in part, to the absence or unreliability of information regarding maternal cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy. Our goal was to determine if placental...

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying adverse birth outcomes following prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke remain unknown due, in part, to the absence or unreliability of information regarding maternal cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy. Our goal was to determine if placental...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms for which there are currently no effective therapies. We have previously reported that cotinine, a natural product obtained from tobacco leaves, prevented memory loss and diminished amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque pathology in transgenic 6799 mice (Tg6799 mice) when treated prior to the development of the pathology. We have ...

BACKGROUND The ratio of two nicotine metabolites, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3-HC), has been validated as a method of phenotyping the activity of the liver enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 and, thus, the rate of nicotine metabolism. Our objective was to evaluate the correlates and stability of the 3-HC to cotinine ratio in ad libitum and reducing smokers, using nicotine replacement ...

BACKGROUND There is a lack of data describing the exposure of Malaysian schoolchildren to Secondhand Smoke (SHS). The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing schoolchildren's exposures to SHS in Malaysia. METHOD This cross-sectional study was carried out to measure salivary cotinine concentrations among 1064 schoolchildren (10-11 years) attending 24 schools in Malaysia following ...

Mannino DM, Homa JM, Redd SC. Chest. 2002;122: 409–415 Purpose of the Study. To determine the indicators of asthma severity among children in the United States with high and low levels of tobacco exposure. Study Population. The subjects were 523 children (age: 4–16) with physician-diagnosed asthma. Methods. The study population was obtained from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examinati...

The nicotine metabolite cotinine (1-methyl-5-[3-pyridynl]-2-pyrrolidinone), like its precursor, has been found to exhibit procognitive and neuroprotective effects in some model systems; however, the mechanism of these effects is unknown. In this study, both the R-(+) and S-(-) isomers of cotinine were initially evaluated in an extensive profiling screen and found to be relatively inactive acros...

Alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression in blood leukocytes are potential biomarkers of harm and mediators of the deleterious effects of tobacco exposure. However, methodological issues, including the use of self-reported smoking status and mixed cell types have made previously identified alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression difficult to interpret. In this study, we exa...

The nicotine metabolite cotinine (1-methyl-5-[3-pyridynl]-2pyrrolidinone), like its precursor, has been found to exhibit procognitive and neuroprotective effects in somemodel systems; however, the mechanism of these effects is unknown. In this study, both the R-(1) and S-(2) isomers of cotinine were initially evaluated in an extensive profiling screen and found to be relatively inactive across ...

A metal complex 1 derivative from a coumarin bearing a porphyrin unit was spectroscopically characterized and its sensing ability towards the alkaloids caffeine 2, nicotine 3 and cotinine 4 was evaluated in these studies. This probe shows to be sensitive to the alkaloids studied, where a detectable amount of 2.5 ± 0.3 μM of cotinine was determined in dam water from the Vigia Dam located in the ...