The planning and cost-modeling of large-scale computer Wide Area Networks (WANs) are important issues for carrier service providers, Internet Service Providers (ISP), and for large enterprises that use WANs. In this research, we develop several quantitative and business-oriented cost models that define the mathematical relationships needed to derive the cost estimate of a set of current WAN tra...

Nowadays generation capacity in traditional grid depends on fossil fuels and contributes significantly to the increase of pollution emission. In deregulated grids in addition to using demand response programs (DRPs) to reducing the cost of electricity production, peak clipping and improve reliability use of green Plants such as hydro plant, wind plant become widespread. In a smart grid, end use...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none fa microsoftinternetexplorer4 aim : for the purpose of cost modeling, the semi-parametric single-index two-part model was utilized in the paper. furthermore, as functional gastrointestinal diseases which are well-known as common causes of illness among the society people in terms of both the number of patients and prevalence in a specific time interval, t...

There is a great resolution calling for smart grids in recent years. Introduction of new technologies, that make the network flexible and controllable, is a main part of smart grid concept and a key factor to its success. Transmission network as a part of system network has drawn less attention. Transmission switching as a transmission service can release us from load shedding and remove the co...

  Uncertainty plays a major role in any project evaluation and management process. One of the trickiest parts of any production project work is its cost and time forecasting. Since in the initial phases of production projects uncertainty is at its highest level, a reliable method of project scheduling and cash flow generation is vital to help the managers reach successful implementation of the ...

Economic feasibility and cost analysis in the preliminary planning stage of early-phase construction projects have a significant impact on project management implementation. However, while estimating per unit area, existing approaches do not account for factors other than area-related information, causing estimation error. Therefore, model that can be utilized early phase is developed this stud...

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in Brazil. Its prevalence and incidence tend to increase significantly in the future, mainly due to the population increase and aging. The scarcity of health care resources and the increasing costs in health require a balanced analysis of health interventions and an efficient allocation of resources. The cost-effectiveness and cost-utility...

the synthesis of heat integrated multi-component distillation systems is complex due to its huge search space for structural combination and optimization computation. to provide a systematic approach and tools for the synthesis design of distillation systems, a new method for modeling heat integrated columns is presented, and the operating cost objective function is minimized by improved harmon...

the environmental rules of reverse logistic networks have caused important economic growth in the past decades. to integrate forward logistic networks with reverse logistics networks a helpful method is to design both networks simultaneously. considering more retrieval choices in modeling reverse logistic systems can be very critical. this article contains a mixed integer linear programming mod...