Incremental or marginal cost-effectiveness ratios are founded on a number of assumptions that weaken their suitability as a way to balance competing economic and clinical priorities. We therefore propose a more relevant and responsible way to gauge the impact of clinical management strategies based on “consumer protection” principles—explicit disclosure of (1) the total magnitude of expected be...

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of routine HIV screening in Portugal to the current practice of targeted and on-demand screening. DESIGN We used Portuguese national clinical and economic data to conduct a model-based assessment. METHODS We compared current HIV detection practices to strategies of increasingly frequent routine HIV screening in Portuguese adu...

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A total of 197 multidose injectable vials were collected from 10 different nursing stations and evaluated for sterility. Experimental contamination studies were undertaken, and the cost-effectiveness of multidose vials was compared with that of single-dose vials. Our results showed that bacterial contamination of multidose injectable vials was not a significant hazard; in addition, contrary to ...

The literature is full of new biomarkers which are claimed to add to the laboratory repertoire in a range of conditions. The literature is often confusing and may be contradictory. The past 20 years is littered with publications claiming the next big thing in a biomarker, some of which have been implemented on high throughput laboratory platforms. The number of novel biomarkers which have reach...

Background: Other than the UK, The Netherlands has no formal threshold for cost-per-QALY values defined yet. For example, a cutoff value at €20,000 per QALY is sometimes mentioned in various discussions, however it has no formal status at all. Yet, since 2005, all new innovative do have to go through a cost-effectiveness evaluation though, with the assessment being focused on the methodology ra...

OBJECTIVES This study assessed the relative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of television, radio and print advertisements to generate calls to the New York smokers' quitline. METHODS Regression analysis was used to link total county level monthly quitline calls to television, radio and print advertising expenditures. Based on regression results, standardised measures of the relative effe...