The macroscopic behaviour of cosmic rays in turbulent magnetic fields is discussed. An implementation of anisotropic diffusion of cosmic rays with respect to the magnetic field in a non-conservative, high-order, finite-difference magnetohydrodynamic code is discussed. It is shown that the standard implementation fails near singular X-points of the magnetic field, which are common if the field i...

Cosmic ray particles with energies in excess of 10 eV have been detected. The sources as well as the physical mechanism(s) responsible for endowing cosmic ray particles with such enormous energies are unknown. This report gives a review of the physics and astrophysics associated with the questions of origin and propagation of these EHE cosmic rays in the Universe. After a brief review of the ob...

Cosmic rays scatter off magnetic irregularities (Alfvén waves) with which they are resonant, that is, waves of wavelength comparable to their gyroradii. These waves may be generated either by the cosmic rays themselves, if they stream faster than the Alfvén speed, or by sources of MHD turbulence. Waves excited by streaming cosmic rays are ideally shaped for scattering, whereas the scattering ef...

We study the possibility that axion Peccei-Quinn symmetry is spontaneously broken after beginning of inflation. This scenario interpolates between preinflationary and postinflationary cosmology with significant phenomenological differences from both. Since not present at early stages inflation large inflationary fluctuations are produced only scales constrained by cosmic microwave background (C...

There is evidence that cosmic rays were present in galaxies at moderately high redshift. This suggests that magnetic fields were also present. If cosmic rays and magnetic fields must always be close to equipartition, as they are to an order of magnitude within the local universe, this would provide a powerful constraint on theories of the origin and evolution of magnetic fields in galaxies. We ...

The solar wind modulates the flux of galactic cosmic rays impinging on Earth inversely with solar activity. Cosmic ray ionisation is the major source of air’s electrical conductivity over the oceans and well above the continents. Differential solar modulation of the cosmic ray energy spectrum modifies the cosmic ray ionisation at different latitudes, varying the total atmospheric columnar condu...

3 Experiment I: Evaluation of classifiers using COSMIC v.50 5 3.1 Cost-Sensitive Classifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2 Comparison of COSMIC All and COSMIC FG1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3 Ranking of 177 Putative EGFR Mutations COSMIC v.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3.1 Majority voting approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

In this paper we study the footprint of cosmic string as the topological defects in the very early universe on the cosmic microwave background radiation. We develop the method of level crossing analysis in the context of the well-known Kaiser-Stebbins phenomenon for exploring the signature of cosmic strings. We simulate a Gaussian map by using the best fit parameter given by WMAP-7 and then sup...