Corticosterone regulates both basal and stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in a negative-feedback fashion. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this negative feedback have yet to be explicitly characterized. By comparing stress-induced c-fos and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), we may be able to de...

Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH) is a primary hormone in the fight or flight response targeting a membrane bound G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Many people worldwide stand to benefit by the development of CRH agonists and antagonists for the treatment of anxiety and depression, with additional therapeutic targets including Alzheimer's, pain and the prevention of premature birth: so wh...

Cotricotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and related peptides are produced in skin that is dependent on species and anatomical location. Local peptide production is regulated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), glucocorticoids and phase of the hair cycle. The skin also expresses the corresponding receptors (CRH-R1 and CRH-R2), with CRH-R1 being the major receptor in humans. CRH-R1 is expressed in epid...

Human stress effects are cumulative. They are additive in nature. It affects all of us either directly or indirectly in day-today life. In this paper, stress effects are measured in terms of glucocorticoids(even though they are multivariate) particularly ACTH and Corticosterone. To find the long-term effect, the formula for finding the tail behaviour of the corresponding distributions with rand...

Effects of 2-buten-4-olide (2-B4O), an endogenous satiety substance, on levels of plasma glucose, corticosterone, and catecholamines were examined in fed, conscious, and unrestrained rats. A vascular indwelling catheter was inserted into the right atrium of the animal from the jugular vein 1 wk before the experiment. Injection of 2-B4O and blood sampling were performed through the catheter in a...

The mechanisms of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)– induced excitation of ACTH-secreting adenoma cells were investigated using the perforated whole-cell clamp technique and intracellular Ca 2 1 concentration ([Ca 2 1 ] i ) measurement. CRH depolarized ACTH-secreting adenoma cells by activating a nonselective cation current that showed slight inward rectification. This channel did not seem ...

1 NESFATIN-1: MELANOCORTINS, CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE AND 2 OXYTOCIN 3 4 5 6 Gina L. C. Yosten and Willis K. Samson 7 8 Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science 9 Saint Louis University School of Medicine 10 Saint Louis, Missouri 11 12 13 14 Running Title: Neural Circuitry of Nesfatin-1 15 16 17 18 19 20 Corresponding Author: 21 22 Gina L. C. Yosten, Ph.D. 23 24 Department...

California mice Peromyscus californicus are a rodent species in which fathers provide extensive paternal care; however, behavioral responses of virgin males toward conspecific neonates vary from paternal behavior to tolerance to infanticide. Indirect evidence suggests that paternal responses might be influenced by social status potentially through increased stress and anxiety in subordinate mal...

Introduction: Agonistic behaviors help to ensure survival, provide advantage in competition, and communicate social status. The resident-intruder paradigm, an animal model based on male intraspecific confrontations, can be an ethologically relevant tool to investigate the neurobiology of aggressive behavior. Objectives: To examine behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behavi...

Exposure to stress during early development can permanently influence an individual's physiology and behaviour, and affect its subsequent health. The extent to which elevated glucocorticoids cause such long-term 'programming' remains largely untested. In the present study, using the Japanese quail as our study species, we independently manipulated exposure to corticosterone during pre- and/or p...